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WGU Data Driven Decision Making > Assessment Study > Flashcards

Assessment Study Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of analytical statistics ?

A

Descriptive and Inferential

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2
Q

Descriptive statistics are used to___

A

inform

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3
Q

Inferential statistics are used to ___

A

Predict /Trend

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4
Q

What’s the four levels of measurement?

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

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5
Q

What level of measurement represents continual data with unique zero point ?

A

Ratio

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6
Q

What level of measurement orders data at equal distances apart ?

A

Interval

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7
Q

What level of measurement places qualitative objects in some kind of order ?

A

Ordinal

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8
Q

What level of measurement represents unordered categories or groups of objects ?

A

Nominal

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9
Q

What type of error does an outlier create ?

A

Out of range

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10
Q

What type of error is an unpredictable error ?

A

Random Error

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11
Q

What type of error occurs with missing data and can distort data as well?

A

Omission Error

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12
Q

What type of error tends to repeat itself and can skew results ?

A

Systematic Error

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13
Q

What is the main process of quality control?

A

Reduce/ minimize errors

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14
Q

What type of study is where all variable measurements are under the researchers control?

A

Experimental Study

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15
Q

What type of study is used when the test subject is impractical or impossible to control?

A

Observational Study

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16
Q

What type of study is it when participants are not told if they are in the treatment group or experiment group?

A

Blind Study

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17
Q

What is applied by the researcher to each test subject ?

A

Treatment

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18
Q

What type of study is where neither the treatment allocator nor the participants known who is in the treatment group or experiment group ?

A

Double Blind Study

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19
Q

What type of bias is when the questions favor an outcome or the interviewer as questions that favor an outcome ?

A

Information Bias

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20
Q

What type of analysis represents the average outcome (payoff) when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen?

A

Expected Monetary Value Analysis

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21
Q

How can you treat observation points that are very distant from the rest of the data set in an analysis ?

A

May or may not be included in analysis but causes skewness

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22
Q

What bias occurs from not selecting a random sample?

A

Measurement Bias

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23
Q

What bias occurs when respondents believe it will be beneficial if selected ?

A

Conscious Bias

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24
Q

What measures the difference between the third and first quartile ?

A

Inter-quartile range ordered from lowest to highest

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25
Q

What is used to study the composition of a data set and examine the distribution ?

A

Box Plot

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26
Q

What represents a simple regression using time as the independent variable ?

A

Time Series

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27
Q

What represents a general upwards or downwards slow over a period of time ?

A

Trend

28
Q

What is it called when there’s unforeseen circumstances causing random deviations ?

A

Irregularity

29
Q

What is it called when there’s repetition in up and down patters ?

A

Cyclicality

30
Q

What is it called when there’s a regular pattern within a single year ?

A

Seasonality

31
Q

What is it called when the probability of a variable falls within a certain range?

A

Cumulative Distribution

32
Q

What is it called when there’s a list of all the different probabilities of each outcome that can occur ?

A

Probability Distribution

33
Q

What is it called when the measures of central tendency are approximately equal?

A

Normal Distribution

34
Q

What is used to compare the mean of three or more groups ?

A

ANOVA

35
Q

What test statistic does ANOVA use ?

A

F-value (must be higher than critical value to reject the null)

36
Q

What test statistic does the T-test use ?

A

T-value (must be higher than the critical value to reject the null)

37
Q

A correlation is weak if the coefficient is closer to ___

A

Zero

38
Q

A correlation is strong if the coefficient is closer to ___

A

1 or -1

39
Q

What illustrated performance measurements over a period of time ?

A

Run Chart

40
Q

What illustrates limits or constraints a process should not exceed?

A

Control charts

41
Q

What item assists in brainstorming issues that are causing a problem ?

A

Cause and Effect Diagram (Fishbone diagram)

42
Q

What is a visual tool to understand a process ?

A

Flowchart

43
Q

What is an easy tool to collect data to create other charts ?

A

Check Sheet

44
Q

What represents a graphical display of a data set with one bar for each category ?

A

Histogram and Pareto Chart

45
Q

What represents a graphical display of a data set centered ?

A

Histogram

46
Q

What represents a graphical display of a data set in highest to lowest order ?

A

Pareto

47
Q

What is used for potential relationships and correlation between variables ?

A

Scatter Diagram

48
Q

Can the seven basic tools be used independently ?

A

Yes

49
Q

What percent of quality problems does Ishikawa claim the seven tools can solve ?

A

90-95%

50
Q

What diagram demonstrates all of the elements that can influence a process before it starts ?

A

SIPOC

51
Q

What is a manufacturing approach to improving processes?

A

Six Sigma

52
Q

In manufacturing, statistics are used for ___

A

Quality Control

53
Q

In the PDSA what step is a response to analytical results ?

A

Act

54
Q

What shows whether a result meets a requirement or not ?

A

Attribute

55
Q

What shows you how well a result meets a requirement ?

A

Variable

56
Q

What variations are accepted as the normal part of the process ?

A

Common Cause Variations

57
Q

What variations are from an abnormality causing large discrepancy in results ?

A

Special Cause Variations

58
Q

What is the model of designing, analyzing, and scoring tests ?

A

Item Response Theory

59
Q

How does the government differ than the private sector in a cost benefit analysis ?

A

Government isn’t always about money

60
Q

What is it called to compare one person’s performance to other people’s performances ?

A

Norm Reference

61
Q

What is it called to compare a person’s performance to a standard score ?

A

Criterion Referenced

62
Q

What management strategy uses results as the central base measurement of performance ?

A

Results Based Management

63
Q

What is it called when counting ALL of the existing cases of a disease ?

A

Prevalence

64
Q

What is it called when counting only NEW cases of a disease ?

A

Incidence

65
Q

What is used to analyze if funding is worth the outcome for a project ?

A

Cost Benefit Analysis

66
Q

What represents a performance measure for one specific goal ?

A

KPI

67
Q

What is it called when multiple KPIs are displayed in a picture ?

A

KPI Dashboard

WGU Data Driven Decision Making (1 decks)

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