Assignment Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is anaerobic respiration?
A type of respiration that occurs without oxygen.
In which organisms does anaerobic respiration primarily occur?
Microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast.
What are the two main types of anaerobic respiration?
- Lactic acid fermentation
- Alcoholic fermentation
What is produced during lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid and ATP.
What is produced during alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
Fill in the blank: Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration because it produces _______.
less ATP
True or False: Anaerobic respiration can occur in the presence of oxygen.
False
What is the primary advantage of anaerobic respiration for microorganisms?
It allows them to generate energy in environments lacking oxygen.
In anaerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation?
Pyruvate.
What role do microorganisms play in the carbon cycle through anaerobic respiration?
They help decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients.
Fill in the blank: Anaerobic respiration contributes to the process of _______ in ecosystems.
decomposition
What are some industrial applications of anaerobic respiration?
- Production of ethanol
- Production of yogurt and cheese
What covers the leaf to allow light to pass through?
The leaf is covered by a thin, transparent cuticle.
What is the purpose of the cuticle on a leaf?
The cuticle is waxy to reduce water loss by transpiration.
Why is the epidermis of the leaf transparent?
The epidermis is transparent to allow a lot of light to pass through.
How thick is the epidermis in leaves?
The epidermis is only a single layer thick.
What is the arrangement of palisade mesophyll cells?
The palisade mesophyll cells are elongated and closely packed.
What is the benefit of elongated palisade cells?
The elongated cells allow for the deep penetration of light.
What feature of palisade cells aids in gas exchange?
Palisade cells have thin cell walls to allow for the easy entry of carbon dioxide and water.
What is the shape of spongy mesophyll cells?
The spongy mesophyll cells have an irregular shape.
What do the air spaces in spongy mesophyll cells allow for?
These air spaces allow for gaseous exchange.
