Assignment and Quiz 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
The understanding of genomics has led to the identification of ________, which describes how an individual’s characteristics are a result of their genotype interacting with the environment.
A) DNA
B) phenotypes
C) RNA
D) molecular variations
B) phenotypes
__________ is defined as progressive and detectable but unrecognized decline in physical function in older adults.
A) Preclinical disability
B) Preclinical trial
C) Prehabilitation
D) Rehabilitation
A) Preclinical disability
_________ involves the reduction of muscle mass and/or function as well as the impairment of the muscle’s capacity to regenerate.
A) Osteopenia
B) Dyspnea
C) Apnea
D) Sarcopenia
D) Sarcopenia
What is true for musculoskeletal system and aging?
A) Skeletal muscle of older people is more easily damaged with the loading that occurs during training compared with skeletal muscle of younger adults.
B) Aging collagen increased cross-links between molecules, increasing the mechanical stability of collagen but also contributing to increased tissue stiffness.
C) Tendons exhibit a lower metabolic activity associated with aging that has implications for injury and healing in the aging population.
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
___________ fractures occur as a result of forceful heel strike during prolonged marching or running. ___________ reactions occur as a result of muscle pull and can become more serious if displacement occurs.
A) Insufficiency; Pathologic
B) Traumatic; Degenerative
C) Compressive stress; Distractive stress
D) Distractive stress; Compressive stress
C) Compressive stress; Distractive stress
In a ________, the fracture line is at a right angle to the long axis of the bone; this fracture is usually produced by shearing force.
A) butterfly fracture
B) comminuted fracture
C) spiral fracture
D) transverse fracture
D) transverse fracture
Which of the following is the risk factor for fractures?
A) Eating disorder
B) Leg-length discrepancy
C) Radiation treatment
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
When compared to a young adult, which of the following statements is true for an older adult?
A) Higher metabolic activity in tendons, which may affect the healing process.
B) Decreased ability of articular cartilage to hold water.
C) Soft tissues become more extensible.
D) Increased joint proprioception.
B) Decreased ability of articular cartilage to hold water.
Which of the following can be a specific risk factor for stress or fatigue fracture?
A) Genu valgum
B) Accidental falls at home
C) Malignant neoplasm
D) Advanced age
A) Genu valgum
__________ are the most common osteoporosis-related fractures. The incidence increases with age and with decreasing bone density.
A) Vertebral compression fractures
B) Epiphyseal fractures
C) Fatigue fractures
D) Segmental fractures
A) Vertebral compression fractures
Age-related loss in muscle mass, strength, and endurance accompanied by changes in the metabolic quality of skeletal muscle is termed ________________.
A) osteopenia
B) osteoporosis
C) apnea
D) sarcopenia
D) sarcopenia
What is true for musculoskeletal system in the aging population?
A) decreased muscle stiffness
B) joint proprioception declines
C) tendons exhibit a higher metabolic activity
D) increased range of motion
B) joint proprioception declines
If the bone is broken into more than two fragments, it is called ___________
A) comminuted fracture
B) greenstick fracture
C) transverse fracture
D) butterfly fracture
A) comminuted fracture
When compared to a young adult, which of the following statements is true for an older adult?
A) skeletal muscle of older adults is more easily damaged with the loading that occurs during training compared with skeletal muscle of younger adults
B) increased joint mobility
C) older adults are at lower risk for osteoporosis related fractures
D) all of the above
A) skeletal muscle of older adults is more easily damaged with the loading that occurs during training compared with skeletal muscle of younger adults
Which of the following can affect bone remodeling process?
A) parathyroid hormone levels
B) mechanical stresses
C) calcium and phosphate levels in the extracellular fluid
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following is true for vertebral compression fractures (VCF)?
A) the most affected age group is children ages 5-14 years
B) it is often caused by motor vehicle accidents
C) the incidence increases with age and with decreasing bone density
D) most patients have symptoms of chronic but severe pain for years
C) the incidence increases with age and with decreasing bone density
Which type of fracture is most common in track and field athletes, distance runners, and soldiers in training?
A) insufficiency fracture
B) stress or fatigue fracture
C) traumatic fracture
D) pathologic fracture
B) stress or fatigue fracture
______________ occurs in the growth centers of children and adolescents, located in the long bones
A) galeazzi fracture
B) greenstick fracture
C) epiphyseal fracture
D) butterfly fracture
C) epiphyseal fracture
Which of the following is true for the etiology of a fracture>
A) bone mass is known to reach its maximum size and density (peak bone mass) by the time an adult reaches age 22-24
B) men have a tendency to lost bone mass sooner than women
C) bone loss is accelerated for women during and after menopause
D) all of the above
C) bone loss is accelerated for women during and after menopause
Which of the following can be a specific risk factor for stress or fatigue fracture?
A) accidental falls when playing sport
B) cancer
C) advanced age
D) wide pelvis
D) wide pelvis
