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Equipment and Devices > Assistive devices, Lines, Tubes and Equip > Flashcards

Assistive devices, Lines, Tubes and Equip Flashcards

1
Q

Primary indications for using an AD during ambulation include:

A
  • decr WB on the LE
  • muscle weakness of the trunk or LE
  • decr balance or impaired kinesthetic awareness
  • Pain
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2
Q

parallel bars

A
  • provide maximum stability and security for a patient during the beginning stages of ambulation or standing
  • proper fit includes bar height that allows for 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion while grasping on the bars approx. 4 to 6 in in front of the body.
  • a pt must progress out of the parallel bars as quickly as possible to incr overall mobility and decr dependence using the parallel bars
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3
Q

walker

A
  • can be used with all levels of WB
  • the walker has a significant base of support and offers good stability
  • the walker should allow for 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion to ensure proper fit
  • the standard walker has many variations including rolling, hemi, reciprocal, folding, or adjustable walker with brakes, UE attachments and/or a seat platform
  • the walker is used with a 3 pt gait pattern
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4
Q

axillary crutches

A
  • can be used with all levels of WB, however, require higher coordination for proper use
  • Proper fit includes positioning with the crutches 6 in in front and 2 in lateral to the pt
  • the crutch height should be adjusted no greater than 3 finger width from axilla
  • the handgrip height should be adjusted to the ulnar styloid process and allow for 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion while grasping the handgrip
  • a platform attachment can be utilized with this device
  • AC can be used with 2 point, 3pt, 4pt, swing to and swing through gait patterns
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5
Q

lofstrand crutches

A
  • can be used with all levels of WB, however require the highest level of coordination for proper use
  • proper fit includes 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion while holding the handgrip with the crutches positioned six inches in front and two inches lateral to the pt’s foot
  • the arm cuff should be positioned one to one half in below the olecranon process so it does not interfere with elbow flexion
  • a platform attachment can be utilized with this device if necessary.
  • the lofstrand crutches can be used with 2pt, 3pt, 4pt swing to and swing through gait patterns
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6
Q

cane

A
  • provides minimal stability and support for pt during ambulation activities
  • the straight cane provides the least support and is used primarily for assisting with balance
  • a straight cane should not be utilized for patients that are partial WB
  • the small base and large base quad canes provide a larger BOS and can better assist with limiting WB on an involved LE and improving balance on unlevel surfaces, curbs and stairs.
  • the cane is typically used on the opposite side of an involved LE.
  • proper fit includes standing the cane at the pt’s side and adjusting the handle to the level of the wrist crease at the ulnar styloid
  • the pt should have a 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion while grasping the handgrip
  • thr straight cane can be used with 2pt, 4pt, modified 2pt and modified 4pt gait patterns
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7
Q

nasogastric tube NG tube

A
  • a nasogastric tube is a plastic tube inserted through a nostril that extends into the stomach
  • the device is commonly used for short-term liquid feeding, medication administration or to remove gas from the stomach
  • the position of the tube in the nostril and back of the throat can inhibit a cough and be irritating for the patient
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8
Q

gastric tube

G tube

A
  • tube inserted trhough a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach
  • the tube can be used for long-term feeding in the presence of difficulty with swallowing due to an anatomic or neurologic disorder or to avoid the risk of aspiration
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9
Q

jejunostomy tube

-J tube

A
  • tube inserted through endoscopy into the jejunum via the abdominal wall
  • the tube can be used for long-term feeding for patients that are unable to receive food by mouth
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10
Q

intravenous system

A
  • consists of a sterile fluid source, a pump, a clamp, and a catheter to insert into a vein
  • an intravenous system can be used to infuse fluids, electrolytes, nutrients, and medication
  • intravenous lines are most commonly inserted into superficial veins such as the basilic, cephalic or antecubital
  • intravenous infusion lines permit nutrients to be introduced when the gastrointestinal tract is not able to digest and absorb food
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11
Q

arterial line

A
  • monitoring device consisting of a catheter that is inserted into an artery and attached to an electric monitoring system
  • an arterial line is used to measure blood pressure or to obtain blood samples
  • the device is considered to be more accurate than traditional measures of BP and does not require repeated needle punctures
  • if an arterial line is displaced, a PT should apply direct pressure to limit blood loss and call for assistance
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12
Q

central venous pressure catheter

A
  • used for measuring pressures in the right atrium or the superior vena cava by means of an indwelling venous catheter and a pressure manometer
  • it is used to evaluate the right ventricular function, right atrial filling pressure, and circulating blood volume
  • the use of the catheter significantly reduces the need for repeated venipuncture
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13
Q

indwelling right atrial ctaheter

A
  • is inserted through the cephalic or internal jugular vein and threaded into the superior vena cava and right atrium
  • the catheter is used for long-term administration of substances into the venous system such as chemotherapeutics agents, total parenteral nutrition, and antibiotics
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14
Q

intracranial pressure monitor

A
  • an intracranial pressure monitor measures the pressure exerted against the skull using pressure sensing devices placed inside the skull
  • excessive pressure can be produced by a closed head injury, cerebral hemorrhage, overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid or brain tumor
  • types of intracranial pressure monitors include epidural sensor, subarachnoid bolt, and intraventricular catheter
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15
Q

oximeter

A
  • is a photoelectric device used to determine the oxygen saturation of blood
  • the device is most commonly applied to the finger or the ear
  • oximetry is often used by therapists to assess activity tolerance
  • PT should monitor changes in oxygen sat during exercise and position changes
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16
Q

Pulmonary artery catheter

- Swan-ganz

A
  • is soft, flexible catheter that is inserted through a vein into the pulmonary artery
  • the device is used to provide continuous measurements of pulmonary artery pressure
  • the patient should avoid excessive movement of the head, neck, and extremities to avoid disrupting the line at the insertion site
17
Q

nasal cannula

A
  • consists of tubing extending approx. one cm into each of the pt’s nostrils
  • the tubing is connected to a common tube that is attached to an oxygen source
  • this method of oxygen therapy is capable of delivering up to 6 liters of oxygen per minute
18
Q

oronasal mask

A
  • consists of a facepiece designed to cover the nose and mouth with small vent holes to expel exhaled air along with a breathing tube and connector
  • the device is used most often for oxygen therapy, however, can be used to administer medications, mucolytic detergents, or humanity, by the use of an accessory nebulizer
19
Q

tent

A
  • an oxygen tent refers to a canopy placed over the head and hsoulders or the entire body for the purpose of delivering oxygen at a higher level than normal
20
Q

tracheostomy mask

A
  • placed over a stoma or tracheostomy for the purpose of administering supplemental oxygen
  • the mask is held in place by an elastic strap placed around the patient’s neck
21
Q

balanced suspension

A
  • balanced suspension traction requires pins, screws and wires to be surgically inserted into bone for the purpose of applying a traction force using an externally applied weight
  • this type of traction is most often utilized with comminuted femur fractures
  • balanced suspension traction requires prolonged immobilization and therefore incr the incidence of secondary complications such as contractures or skin breakdown
22
Q

external fixation

A
  • refers to a surgical procedure where holes are drilled into uninjured areas of bone surrounding the fracture
  • the fracture is then set in the desired anatomical configuration using specialized wires, pins, bolts, and screws
  • an external frame is used to maintain the bony fragments in the desired alignment
  • External fixation enhances stability and allows for earlier mobility while maintaining the desired alignment
23
Q

internal fixation

A
  • refers to a surgical procedure that attempts to promote the healing process of bone w/o appliances being applied external to the skin
  • common type of internal fixation include metal plates, rods, wires, screws, and nails
  • is often employed with comminuted or displaced fractures
  • the procedure provides needed stability to healing joints which allows earlier mobility and less postoperative complications
24
Q

external catheter

A
  • is applied over the shaft of the penis and is held in place by a padded strap or adhesive tape
25
Q

Foley catheter

A
  • is an indwelling urinary tract catheter that has a balloon attachment at the indwelling end
  • the balloon which is filled with air or sterile water must be deflated before the catheter can be removed
26
Q

suprapubic catheter

A
  • is an indwelling urinary catheter that is surgically inserted directly into the patient’s bladder
  • insertion of a suprapubic catheter is performed under general anesthsia
27
Q

chest tube

A
  • flexible plastic tube that is inserted through an incision into the side of the chest
  • the tube uses a suction system to remove air, fluid or pus from the intrathoracic space
  • a chest tube can cause significant discomfort and result in inhibition of a cough, deep breathing, and mobility
28
Q

seat height/leg length

A
  • instructions: measure from the user’s heel to the popliteal fold and add 2 in to allow clearance of the footrest.
  • avg adult size: 19.5 to 20.5 in
29
Q

seat depth

A
  • instructions: measure from the user’s posterior buttock, along the lateral thigh to the popliteal fold; then subtract approx. 2 in to avoid pressure from the front edge of the seat against the popliteal space
  • avg adult size: 16 inches
30
Q

seat width

A

instructions: measure the widest aspect of the user’s buttocks, hips or thighs and add approx. 2 in. this will provide space for bulky clothing, orthoses or clearance of the trochanters from the armrest side panel
- avg adult size: 18 inches

31
Q

back height

A

instructions: measure from the seat of the chair to the floor of the axilla with the user’s shoulder flexed to 90 deg and then subtract approx. 4 in. this will allow the final back height to be below the inferior angles of the scapulae
- avg adult size: 16 to 16.5 in

32
Q

armrest height

A

instructions: measure from the seat of the chair to the olecranon process with the user’s elbow flexed to 90 deg and then add approx. 1 in
- avg adult size: 9 in above the chair seat

Equipment and Devices (5 decks)

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