associations Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
heart failure after URI
A
myocarditis
2
Q
high output heart failure
A
pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, anemia, beriberi, paget’s disease
3
Q
low output heart failure
A
arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, HTN, dilated CM, valve disease
4
Q
alcoholic with palpitations, arrhythmia
A
atrial fibrillation (holiday heart)
5
Q
pulsus paradoxus
A
pericardial effusion/tamponade, pericarditis, ashtma attack, tension pneumo, SVC obstruction
6
Q
EKG changes, N & V, yellow-green visual disturbances
A
digoxin toxicity
7
Q
flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass
A
AAA
8
Q
short PR, wide QRS, delta wave
A
WPW – avoid digoxin
9
Q
LE rubor, no hair, brittle nail, pallor, calf pain with walking, claudication, ABI less .4
A
arterial insufficiency/PAD
10
Q
trendelenberg test of extremitiess
A
tests for veinous insufficiency
11
Q
rapid, deep labored breathing
A
Kussmaul brething–DKA, metabolic acidosis
12
Q
cavitations on CXR
A
lung abscess, TB
13
Q
deep breathing alternating with apnea
A
Cheyne-stokes breathing – heart failure, brain damage
14
Q
pleural thickening on CXR
A
mesothelioma
15
Q
hilar mass on CXR
A
lung cancer
16
Q
eggshell pattern on CXR
A
silicosis or coal miners lung
17
Q
ground glass appearance on CXR
A
asbestosis
18
Q
reticular to nodular patter on CXR
A
coal miner’s lung
19
Q
granulomas and inflammation of alveoli, small bronchi and small blood vessels
A
sarcoidosis
20
Q
thumbprint sign
A
epiglottitis
21
Q
inspiratory stridor
A
FB, viral croup
22
Q
steeple sign
A
FB, viral croup
23
Q
premature infant with respiratory distress, CXR has hypoexpansion and air bronchograms
A
hyaline membrane disease
24
Q
elevated alk phos and urinary bilirubin
A
cholecystitis
25
fever, RUQ pain, gallstones, dilated common duct on US
ascending cholangitis (Charcot's triad)
26
isolated elevated indirect bilirubin
Gilbert's syndrome
27
elevated indirect bilirubin with defective glucuronyl transferase
Crigler-Najjar disease
28
multiple or constant GI ulcer pain despite meds
zollinger-ellison syndrome
29
CA-125
ovarian cancer
30
CA 19-9
pancreatic cancer
31
traveler's diarrhea
Ecoli. tx with hydration and cipro
32
greasy, foul smelling, floating stool. water, travel, camping hx
giardia
33
zofran pharm category
5-HT3 blocker
34
afebrile, watery or loose stool with no blood or mucus
viral gastroenteritis
35
acute bacterial diarrhea with prodrome of HA, F, then crampy abd pain and diarrhea
campylobacter jejuni. most common cause of bacterial diarrhea
36
anti-endomysial antibodies
celiac sprue
37
beriberi
thiamine deficiency, alcoholic, neuro symptoms
38
pellagra
niacin deficiency ( 4D's -- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death), bright red tongue
39
scurvy
Vit C deficiency (easy bleeding, bruising, hair and tooth loss, joint pain and swelling)
40
rickets
Vit D deficiency-- osteomalacia
41
night blindness
vit A deficiency
42
magenta tongue
riboflavin deficiency (B2)
43
hypoglycemia in alcoholic
give thiamine before flucose to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy
44
hyponatremia and concentrated urine
SIADH
45
hyaline casts
normal...may be present after febrile illness or strenuous exercise
46
increased BUN/Cr and low FeNa
prerenal failure
47
kidney and lung bleeding
goodpasteures
48
vibrous band on lateral penis
peyronie's disease
49
can't retract foreskin
phimosis
50
lens shaped hemorrhage
epidural hematoma
51
concave
subdural hematoma
52
LP with decreased glucose, increased protein
bacterial meningitis
53
LP with decreased protein, few neutrophils
syphilitc meningitis
54
viral meningitis
mumps
55
meningitis and rash
meningiococcal
56
ascending paralysis
GBS
57
paralysis after campylobacter enteritis
GBS
58
weakness and fatigue in upper limbs, visual symptoms
myasthenia gravis
59
young kid with difficulty standing from seated position, calf muscle wasting
muscular dystrophy (weakness begins in pelvic girdle)
60
peds with fever or hx or URI with encephalopathy, emesis, hyperactive reflexes, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes
Reye's syndrome from URI/post flu or aspirin use
61
pediatric patient with episodes of blank stares
absence (petit-mall) seizures
62
3 mHz spikes on EEG
absence (petit-mall) seizures
63
ash leaf hypopigmentation of trunk and ext, shagreen patch, sebaceous adenomas, seizures, mental retardation, associated with PCK, renal hemartomas
tuberous sclerosis
64
bilateral pinpoint pupils
pontine hemorrhage
65
bilateral dilated pupils
anticholinergics, TCA, anti-parkinsonian drugs, profound hypoxemia
66
bilateral hemianopia
optic chiasm lesion
67
temporal field loss
ipsilateral optic tract lesion
68
eye trauma, exopthalmos, fixed upward gaze, hyphema, diplopia
orbital blow-out fx, immediate referral
69
painless, yellow triangular nodule on conjunctivia
pinguecula
70
transient monocular vision loss
amaurosis fugax -- TIA, emboli
71
painless vision loss, hx of TIA, palpitations, arrhythmia, carotid disease, embolic source
CRAO (pale retina, cherry red macula)
72
painless vision loss, hx of HTN
CRVO (blood and thunder, retinal hemorrhages)
73
diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia
vertibrobasilar insufficiency
74
unilateral foul smelling or purulent nasal discharge in peds patient
nasal foreign body
75
bullous myringitis
mycoplasma pneumonia
76
tinnitus and metabolic acidosis
salicylate ingestion
77
sudden dizziness, N&V, NO tinnitus, hearing loss, recent URI
vestibular neuronitis, labrynthitis
78
sudden dizziness, vertigo, hearling loss, tinnitus
meniere's disease. tx with diuretics and low sodium diet
79
unilateral nerve deafness in middle age patient
acoustic neuroma--order MRI
80
horizontal nystagmus, acute onset vertigo
peripheral lesion
81
vertical nystagmus, insidious onset vertigo
central lesion (tumor)
82
smoker, white mouth lesion that cannot be rubbed off
leukoplakia, rule out oral cancer
83
gray pharyngeal pseudomembrane, rash, splenomegaly, supraclavicular LA
diptheria
84
philidelphia chromosome
CML
85
Auer rods
AML
86
reed-sternberg cells
hodgkin's lymphoma
87
anemia after colectomy, partial gastrectomy, glossitis, decreased vibratory sensation
B12 or pernicious anemia
88
G6PD plus quinidine, nitrofuantoin, sulfa
hemolytic anemia
89
elevated Hgb, splenomegaly, post showering pruritis, plethora, engorged retinal veins
polycythemia vera. Tx = phlebotomy
90
mucosal or gingival bleeding, epistaxis, menorrhagia
von willebrand disease
91
Tzank smear
herpes virus
92
acetowhitening
condyloma acuminata
93
wood's light fluoroscopy
dermatophytes infections, erythrasma (coral red)
94
bite with local edema, erythema, central necrosis
brown recluse
95
bite with fever, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, bradycardia, HTN, tachyarrhythmias
black widow (neurotoxin)
96
woods, forest, hikers, macular rash at wrist, ankles, then moves up to extremities then trunk. after 5 days, rash at palms and soles
RMSF (rickettsia rickettsia)
97
indirect immunofluorescent ab, weil-felix rxn, compliment
RMSF rickettsia
98
target lsion, arthralgia, bell's palsy
lyme disease (borrelia burgdorfi)
99
intense pruritis, burrow like lesions at wrists, elbows, hands, web spaces
scabies
100
raccoons, bats, skunks
rabies.
101
gangrene
clostridium infection--anaerobic bacteria. tx with hyperbaric oxygen, penicillins, surgical excision
102
gram negative intracellular diplococci
gonorrhea
103
FTA-ABS, MTA-TP
syphilis diagnosis
104
malaria prophylaxis
chloroquine
105
pain at base of thumb, distal radial stylid, pain reproduced with ulnar deviation of clenched fist
deQuervain's tenosynovitis
106
FOOSH, radial fx with dorsal displacement, dinner fork deformity
colles fx, tx = volar splint
107
football player with burning pain, numbness, tingling from shoulder to hand which resolves
brachial plexus neurapraxia "stinger" caused by stretching of brachial plexus
108
scoliosis angle
>25 degree cobb angle
109
8-10 yo male with limp, knee pain
legg-calve-perthes disease
110
HLA-B27
ankylosing spondylitis, reiter's syndrome
111
positive ANA, anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, + anti-phospholipid antibodies
SLE
112
dusky red, well localized single or multiple papules or plaques usually of face
discoid lupus
113
osteomyelitis after stepping on nail
pseudomonas aeruginosa
114
teenage female with long bone pain w/o trauma or injury. XR w/ lytic mass, multi luminated periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma
115
periosteal onion skin reaction
Ewing sarcoma
116
painless bony mass...plain films show stalky or broad based projection from bone surface
osteochondroma
117
lytic lesions in back or skull
multiple myeloma
118
patient on antipsychotic meds develops altered consciousness, lead pipe rigidity, catatonia, hyperthermia, tachypnea, blood pressure changes, diaphoresis
neuroleptic malignant syndrome. tx is supportive care and antipyretics
119
infrequent blinking, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, masked facies
parkinson's
120
short lived, intense relationships. difficulty controlling anger, hx sexual promiscuity and substance abuse
borderline personality disorder
121
extrapyradimindal signs, BP changes, latered consciousness, hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, dysarthria, CV instability, fever, pulmonary congestion, diaphoresis, pt on antipsychotic meds
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
122
hyponatremia with bizarre behavior
lithium toxicity
123
antidepressant use with anticholinergic side effects, dry mouth, dysrhythmias, sedation, orthostatic hypotension
TCA overdose
124
male with gynecomastia, diminished or delayed secondary sex characteristics, small and firm testicles, long arms and legs
Klinefelter syndrome XXY. low serum testosterone and infertility
125
spontaneous bloody, serous, or cloudy nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma
126
adolescent female with midcycle pain alternating from left to right side, relieved with NSAIDS
Mittelschmerz
127
chocolate cyst
endometriosis
128
dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, uterus fixed and retroflexed, cyclic pelvic pain
endometriosis
129
firm irregular shaped, nontender, enlarged uterus
leiomyoma
130
softened, tender, diffusel globular uterine enlargement
adenomyosis
131
unlilateral mobile tender adenexal mass...6cm ish
tubo-ovarian abscess
132
nagels rule
LMP +7 -3 mo
133
pregnant + rash, post-auricular or occipital LAD
rubella. give vaccine after delivery
134
pregnant, less 20 wks gestation with vaginal bleeding, abd and pelvic pain, blood from closed cervical os
threatened abortion
135
pregnant less 20 wks gestation with vaginal bleeding, abd and pelvic pain, tissue at or said to be passed from open cervical os
incomplete abortion (complete will have empty uterus, complete passage of fetal tissue and pain resolves after passage)
136
postpartum hemorrhage
uterine atony tx with massage
137
postmenopausal vaginal bleeding
endometrial cancer. do endometrial biopsy
138
postmenopausal adnexal mass
ovarian cancer
139
procainamide, hydralazine, rash
lupus-type eruptions
140
photosensitive rash
TCN, sulfa drugs
141
coral red on wood's light
erythrasma
142
KOH
fungus, candida. hyphae, buds, spagetti and meatballs
143
gram stain
bacterial infection
144
beefy red, sharp bordered rash in groin and under breast folds with satellite lesions
candida. tx = nystatin/lotrimin cream if fails ketoconazole
145
red, less distinct borders. coral red on woods
erythrasma
146
distinct, sharp raised demarcated border with fever, chills. group A strep
erysipelas
147
grouped vesicles on erythematous base
herpes virus
148
infant or peds patient with grouped vesicles on thumb or tapicoa vesicles on thumb
herpetic whitlow
149
pain preceding vesicular rash in dermatomal pattern
herpes zoster
150
cough coryza conjunctivitis
rubeola (measles)
151
small white papules on diffusely red base on buccal mucosa
Koplick spots (rubeola) aka measles
152
pastia's lines, positive ASO titer
scarlet fever (group A strep)
153
strawberry tongue
scarlet fever (group A strep)
154
pruritic raised erythematous plaques
urticaria
155
dewdrops on rose petal, pustules and vesicles at different stages of healing
varicella (chicken pox)
156
flesh colored, pink or yellow-brown lesion with rough, sandpaper feel, at sun-exposed areas
actinic keratosis
157
non-pruritic, raised, warty brown black plaques stuck onto skin feel greasy
seborrheic keratosis
158
flat brown spots with sharp borders on dorsum of hand
lentigines
159
erythematous, dome-shaped nodule with central plug
keratocanthoma
160
pearly papules with umbilicated center
molluscum contagiosum
161
sexually active person with rash on palms and soles, general LAD
secondary syphilis (money spots) VDRL will confirm
162
hypopigmented lesions, white, scaly, gets worse with tanning or sun exposure
pityriasis alba
163
erythematic ring with scaly border and central clearing
tina (fungal infection) KOH prep = hyphae
164
thick, yellow, brittle nails
onychomycosis tx = terbinafine
165
infant with erythematous, scaly, crusty lesions at vertex of scalp
cradle cap (seborrheic dermatitis)
tx with baby shampo, olive oil, hydrocortisone cream
adults treat with selenium slufide shampoo
166
children <10yo with vesicles on pharynx, mouth, hands, feet, with no ulceration
hand-foot-mouth disease. coxksackie virus
167
healthy looking less than 5yo with lace-like rash on both cheeks and red papules
erythema infectiosum (slapped cheeck) disease...fifths disease
168
truncal rash in pediatric after fever
roseola infantum (herpesvirus) motrin, symptommatic tx
169
fever, pharygitis, sandpaper rash over face, neck, trunk, extremities
scarlet fever
170
high fever x 5days, then rash. may have conjunctivitis, cracking, lip fissures
Kawasakis disease. look for cardiac complications
171
erythema marginatum
rheumatic fever
172
auspitz sign, koebner's phenomena
psoriasis
173
rate bite erosions on XR
psoriatic arthritis
174
ddark skinned person with whitening or lightening of skin. hx of pernicious anemia or other autoimmune diseases
vitilligo. skin biopsy to dx
175
introduce solid foods
4-6 months.
176
first tooth
6-8mo
177
3 words, feeds self with spoon, build tower
2 yrs
178
walks alone
15 mo
179
positive osmotic fragility test
G6/PD deficiency (hemolytic anemia with oxidative drugs - sulfa, nitrofurantoin, quinidine)
