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Associations in Pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

Drug Reaction:

hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen

Clomiphene

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2
Q

Drug Reaction:

hyperglycemia

A

“Taking Pills Necessitates Having Blood Checked”:

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ, B-blockers, Corticosteroids

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3
Q

Drug Reaction:

Hypothyroidism

A

Lithium
Amiodarone
Sulfonamides

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4
Q

Drug Reaction:

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Erythromycin

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5
Q

Drug Reaction:

Diarrhea

A

“Might Excite Colon on Accident”:

Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose

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6
Q

Drug Reaction:

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A

Liver “HAVAc”:

Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophens

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7
Q

Drug Reaction:

Hepatitis

A

INH

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8
Q

Drug Reaction:

Pancreatitis

A

“Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”:

Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)

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9
Q

Drug Reaction:

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins
(Abx predispose to superinfection by drug-resistant C. diff)

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10
Q

Drug Reaction:

Agranulocytosis

A

“Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes”

Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylothiouracil

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11
Q

Drug Reaction:

Aplastic anemia

A

“Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”:

Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chlorpromazine, Propylothiouracil

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12
Q

Drug Reaction:

Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia

A

Methyldopa

Penicillin

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13
Q

Drug Reaction:

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol (Abx - protein synthesis inh)

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14
Q

Drug Reaction:

Hemolysis in G6PD

A

“Hemolysis IS D PAIN”:

INH, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrodurantoin

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15
Q

Drug Reaction:

Megaloblastic anemia

A

“Having a BLAST with PMS”:

Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

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16
Q

Drug Reaction:

Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin

Cimetidine

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17
Q

Drug Reaction:

Thrombotic complications

A

OPCs

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18
Q

Drug Reaction:

Fat redistribution

A

“Fat PIG”:

Protease Inhibitors, Glucocorticoids

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19
Q

Drug Reaction:

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Verapamil
Cyclosporine
Nifedipine

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20
Q

Drug Reaction:

Hyperuricemia

A

“Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care”:

Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine

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21
Q

Drug Reaction:

Myopathy

A

Fibrates, Niacin, Colchicine, Hydroxychloroquinolone, Interferon-alpha, Penicillamine, Statins, Glucocorticoids

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22
Q

Drug Reaction:

Osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroids

Heparin

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23
Q

Drug Reaction:

Photosensitivity

A

“SAT For Photo”:

Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU

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24
Q

Drug Reaction:

Rash/SJS

A

“Steven Johnson has epileptic Allergy to Sulfa drugs and Penicillin”:
Anti-epileptic drugs*, Allopurinol, Sulfa drugs, Penicillin
*Including: ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital

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25
Drug Reaction: | SLE-like syndrome
Having lupus is "SHIPP-E": | Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept
26
Drug Reaction: | Tooth discoloration
Tetracyclines
27
Drug Reaction: | Tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage
Fluoroquinolones
28
Drug Reaction: | Cinchonism
Quinidine, quinine
29
Drug Reaction: | Parkinson-like syndrome
"cogwheel rigidity of ARM": | Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide
30
Drug Reaction: | Seizures
"with Seizures, I BITE My tongue": | INH, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide
31
Drug Reaction: | Tardive dyskinesia
Antipsychotics | Metoclopramide
32
Drug Reaction: | Diabetes insipidus
Lithium | Democlocycline
33
Drug Reaction: | Fanconi syndrome
Expired tetracycline *Fanconi syndrome = disease of proximal tubule in which substances are lost to urine instead of being reabsorbed (Glucose, aa, uric acid, phosphate, bicarb)
34
Drug Reaction: | Hemorrhagic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide Ifosfamide *Prevent by co-administering with mesna
35
Drug Reaction: | Interstitial nephritis
Methicillin NSAIDs Furosemide
36
Drug Reaction: | SIADH
"Can't Concentrate Serum Sodium": | Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs
37
Drug Reaction: | Dry cough
ACEIs - ACE also breaks down bradykinin; without it you get extra bradykinin and it can precipitate angioedema
38
Drug Reaction: | Pulmonary fibrosis
"Breathing Air Badly from Medications": | Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan, Methotrexate
39
Drug Reaction: | Antimuscarinic
Atropine TCAs H1-blockers Antipsychotics
40
Drug Reaction: | Disulfiram-like rxn
``` Metronidazole Certain cephalosporins Griseofulvin Procarbazine 1st gen Sulfonylureas ```
41
Drug Reaction: | Nephrotoxicity/Ototoxicity
Cisplatin Aminoglycosides Loop diuretics Vancomycin
42
CYP Inducers
"Chronic alcoholic Mona Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuses Greasy Carbs": Chronic alcohol; Modafinil; St. John's wort; Phenytoin; Phenobarbital; Nevirapine; Rifampin; Griseofulvin; Carbamazepine
43
CYP Substrates
"Always, Always, Always, Always Think When Starting Others": | AEDs, Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Anesthetics, Theophylline, Warfarin, Statins, OCPs
44
CYP Inhibitors
"A cute Gentleman Cipped Iced Grapefruit juice Quickly And Kept Munching on Soft Cinnamon Rolls": Acute alcohol abuse, Gemfibrozil, Ciprofloxacin, Isoniazid, Grapefruit juice, Quinidine, Amiodarone, Ketoconazole, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Cimetidine, Ritonavir
45
Sulfa drugs
"Popular FACTSSS": Probenacid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide abx, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas **Sulfa allergy: fever, UTI, SJS, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, urticaria. Symptoms range mild to severe.
46
Mood stabilizers for treatment of Bipolar
Lithium Carbamazepine Valproate
47
Lamotrigine
Anti-convulsant mood stabilizer for bipolar (esp. depressive episode)
48
Anti-psychotics
1. Typicals: High potency = "Try to Fly High" Trifluoperazine; Fluphenazine; Haloperidol Low potency = "Cheating Thieves are Low" Chlorpromazine; Thioridazine; Levomepromazine 2. Atypicals: "Old Closets Quietly Risper from A to Z" Olanzapine; Clozapine; Quetiapine; Risperidone; A; Z
49
Side effects of loop diuretics
(inhibit NaKCC) - higher doses/CKD - ototoxicity - hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia
50
Opioids
OP3/mu opioid receptor agonists, which modifies pain and slows GI motility Alfentanil, Fentanyl, Sufentanil, Remifentanil Codeine, Tramadol (5HT and NE reuptake inh), Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Methadone, Meperidine, Morphine Diphenoxylate, Loperamide - opioid anti-diarrheal agent
51
TCAs
Amitriptyline Nortriptyline Imipramine Desipramine
52
Anticonvulsants
Gabapentin, Pregabalin - inhibits neuronal excitement by preventing Ca ch. migration to surface to hypersensitize the cell to pain signals Lamotrigine - blocks Na Ch function Carbamazepine - blocks Na channel function, esp. in trigeminal nucleus
53
Opiate antagonists
Methylnaltrexone | Bind tightly, slowly release (for withdrawal tx): Naloxone, Naltrexone, Buprenorphine
54
Opiate withdrawal symptoms and treatment
Peaks at 3-4d, lasts 7-10d Sx: agitation, diaphoresis, increased lacrimation, piloerection, dilated pupils; also MSK pain in back, joints, abdomen; N/V Tx: outpatient - clonidine (anti-SNS sx), inpatient - methadone
55
Dopamine - peripheral effects
low doses - D1R in renal vessels and VD, inc. GFR | higher doses - B1Rs in cardiac muscle, inc. contractility, pulse pressure, and SBP
56
How to clinically differentiate between acute Hep B and Hep C infections?
Hep C is usually asymptomatic; may get some cryoglobulinemia manifested on the skin in chronic infection. Acute Hep B will manifest fever/fatigue, skin rash (urticarial), joint pain, hepatomegaly, and elevated ALT/AST. Hep B transmitted sexually, parenterically, or vertically. Hep C transmitted usually by IV drugs, not usually sexually.
57
Why can't you use monotherapy on TB?
rapid emergence of resistance
58
Major side effects of Amiodarone
Cardiac - brady, heart block, pro-arrhythmia, QTP, Torsades Pulm - fibrosis Endocrine - Hypo/hyperthyroid (it's 40% iodine by weight) GI - elevated LFTs, hepatitis Ocular - corneal deposits, optic neuropathy Dermatologic - blue-gray discoloration Neuro - peripheral neruopathy
59
Teratogenicity of valproate
neural tube defects - it inhibits the absorption of folic acid
60
How to treat hepatic encephalopathy?
*Remember it's caused by hyperammonemia from liver failure (cirrhosis) to convert ammonia to urea; will see AMS and asterixis Rifaximin - alters intestinal flora in order to decrease intraluminal ammonia production Lactulose - increases conversion of ammonia to ammonium ion
61
HLA-B57:01 has strong association with what drug hypersensitivity reaction?
Abacavir - NRTI for HIV | It's a Type 4 HSN consisting of fever, malaise, GI sx, and delayed rash
62
What kind of drugs are preferentially eliminated by the liver?
Drugs that are lipophilic and have a high volume of distribution Lipophilicity kind of informs volume of distribution - easily crosses membranes *Lipophilic is good to get into the liver because it can cross HC membrane and fits easily into bile to be excreted; bad in kidneys because it will easily go back into the tubular cells from the lumen
63
When to use MAOIs?
For patient with the Atypical subtype of major depression, characterized most by mood reactivity, plus leaden paralysis, rejection sensitivity, and increased sleep and appetite. MAOIs aren't really used for anything else anymore (except atypical and refractory major depression) because of the side effect profile.
64
First line treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
SSRIs - Citalopram | *Don't use BZDs because of the risk of dependence/tolerance and rebound toxicity with discontinuation
65
Mu opioid receptors - MOA
GPCRs that regulate K conductance When opioids bind, they increase K efflux which hyperpolarizes the cell and terminated pain transmission

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