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Flashcards in Assumption & Weakening Q Deck (21)
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1
Q

Assumptions

A

simply remember that an assumption is a premise that was left out of the argument.
- Forgotten premise

2
Q

Assumptions are premises and the weaknesses of an argument

A

Assumptions are premises and the weaknesses of an argument

3
Q

AN ARGUMENT IS GOOD

A

“Good” simply describes how well the premises support the conclusion. In other words, “good” describes the strength of the support relationship between the premises and the conclusion. Just how “good” can the relationship be? Until it becomes perfect, of course. When that happens, it is said that the argument is valid.

4
Q

Bad Assumptions

A
  • Bad ones make very many and highly uncertain assumptions. Hence, their premises weakly support their conclusion, if at all.
  • An argument is good to the extent to which its premises support its conclusion. The more assumptions an argument makes, the weaker the support the premises give to the conclusion and thus, the weaker the argument.
5
Q

the more assumption that you have the weaker the argument

A

the more assumption that you have the weaker the argument

6
Q

the fewer assumptions that you have the stronger the argument become

A

the fewer assumptions that you have the stronger the argument become

7
Q

Weakening Questions

A
  • when you are asked to weaken an argument, you are asked to thin out the beam.
  • With the correct answer choice, you are demonstrating that despite the premises being true, it is now way less supportive of the conclusion being true.
  • Weakening questions ask you to weaken the argument. That means to weaken the relationship between the premises and conclusion. That relationship is the support relationship. That means you are to make the premises less supportive of the conclusion.
8
Q

Weakening Stems

A
  • Which one of the following, if true, is the logically strongest counter that Albert can make to Erin’s argument?
  • Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?
  • Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?
  • Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion drawn in the argument above?
  • Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument in the newspaper article?
9
Q

Important

A

provide a new piece of info that leaves argument to interact but you want to weaken the argument
- you’re not attacking the premises nor the conclusion, you’re attacking the support

10
Q

weakening

A

bottom - up

11
Q

be aware of the ctx and premises conclusion

A
the conclusion (find the gap  between the conclusion and premise) 
- contradict the support given on the argument
12
Q

based on the conclusion, ask..

Question the conclusion

A
  • what if…

- Yeah but….

13
Q

identify conclusion

A
  • be careful with identifying conclusion
14
Q

Conclusions

A
  • can be long
15
Q

With argumental that use more complex context read them twice or break sentences apart

A

With argumental that use more complex context read them twice or break sentences apart

16
Q

Weakening except

A
  • circle all the weakening answer choices
17
Q

Weakening

A
  • undermines the conclusion
18
Q

Do not attack the premises

A

Do not attack the premises

19
Q

Assumptions

A
  • introduce new ideas
20
Q

Causation

A
  • there is another reason.
  • A> B but there must be something else
  • there is something else besides the premise and the conclusion that are causing the effect.
  • in addition to one cause there must be another.
21
Q

Causation

A
  • Yeah but is that why….