ASTB Flashcards
(238 cards)
1
Q
What is the formula for MA of a lever using distance?
A
Input Arm Distance/Output Arm Distance
2
Q
What is the MA formula for simple machines?
A
output force/input force
3
Q
What does isothermal mean?
A
Constant temperature
4
Q
What does Bernoulli’s principle state?
A
An increase in a fluid’s speed will result in a decrease in that fluid’s pressure.
5
Q
What is the formula for torque?
A
T = F*D
6
Q
How many newtons is 1kg?
A
9.8n (mass * gravity)
7
Q
What is the rate of gravitational acceleration in feet?
A
32ft/s
8
Q
How to calculate final velocity of object
A
v² = u² + 2as
v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
a = acceleration due to gravity
s = distance dropped
9
Q
What is Ohm’s law?
A
V = IR
10
Q
What is the formula for electric power?
A
P = VI
11
Q
Shared work math
A
If 5 painters can paint a house in 7 hours, and they start at 1400, if 3 more painters are added to the job 2 hours in, at what time will the house be finished?
12
Q
List 4 perfect numbers
A
6, 28, 496, 8128
12
Q
What is logb(m) + logb(n)?
A
logb(mn)
12
Q
What is logb(m) – logb(n)?
A
logb(m/n)
13
Q
Write 4 in binary
A
0100
14
Q
How many cups, pints, and quarter are in a gallon?
A
16 cups
8 pints
4 quarts
15
Q
How many degrees is a supplementary angle?
A
180
15
Q
How do you find the total # of degrees in a shape?
A
(# of sides - 2) * 180
16
Q
How many degrees is a complementary angle?
A
90
17
Q
What is the combined work rate formula?
A
1/Total time = 1/Worker A time + 1/Worker B time
18
Q
How much pure acid must be added to 12 ounces of a 40% acid solution in order to produce a 60% acid solution?
A
6
19
Q
A naval detachment has enough rations to feed 16 people for 10 days. If 4 more people join the detachment, for how many fewer days will the rations last?
A
8
20
Q
A can complete a project in 20 days and B can complete the same project in 30 days. If A and B start working on the project together and A quits 10 days before the project is completed, in how many days will the project be completed?
A
18
21
Q
A field can be plowed by 9 machines in 5 hours. If 3 machines are broken and cannot be used, how many hours will it take to plow the field?
A
7.5 hours
22
If a driver completes a trip of 120 miles at a rate of 30mph, at what rate would the driver have to travel on the return trip in order to average 40mph for the round trip?
60 mph
22
What do hydrometers measure?
Specific gravity or density of liquids using floats.
23
How are lever classes defined?
1st class - fulcrum between load and effort
2nd class - load between fulcrum and effort
3rd class - effort between fulcrum and load
23
How many ft are in a nautical mile?
6076
24
In a parallel circuit:
Is current constant?
Is voltage constant?
No
Yes
24
Does electricity flow through burnt out light bulbs?
No
25
What does a voltmeter measure?
Total voltage in a circuit
26
In a series circuit:
Is current constant?
Is voltage constant?
Yes
No
27
Learn how to read a micrometer
27
What are the 4 cycles of a 4-stroke engine?
Intake, Compression, Combustion, Exhaust
28
What is the MA formula for Wheel and Axle?
MA = Rw/Ra
29
What is the formula for pressure?
F/A
30
What is the formula for moment?
Moment = Force * Distance
31
Formula for potential energy
mgh
32
Formula for kinetic energy
1/2m * v^2
33
What does an ammeter measure?
Current
34
What does a multimeter measure?
Voltage and current
34
What is Newton's 1st Law of Motion?
object in motion will stay in motion, object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force
35
What is Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?
f = ma
36
What is conduction
occurs in solids and stationary fluids
37
What is Newton's 3rd Law of Motion?
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
37
What is convection
occurs in liquids and gases by circulating currents caused by a difference in density
38
What does salt do to water's:
specific gravity
freezing point
boiling point
raises
lowers
raises
39
Compressing air in a closed space does what to it's volume and temperature?
Decreases volume, increases temperature
40
A square metal plate is hanging by 4 wires (one on each corner). One breaks, and it's hanging by only 3 wires now. Does each wire now carry the same amount of weight, or do the 2 diagonally across from each other hold an equal amount that is more than the lone wolf in the other corner?
The lone wolf does no support. The 2 diagonals carry it alone.
40
What are whole numbers?
Natural numbers plus 0
41
What are integers?
Whole numbers, negative to positive, including 0.
42
What are the 4 sides of a ship?
Front - Bow
Right - Starboard
Back - Stern
Left - Port
42
What does red right returning mean?
Keep red buoys on right side when returning from sea or going upstream
42
When 2 powered vessels are approaching each other head on, who has right of way?
Both vessels turn starboard
42
When 2 powered vessels are crossing paths, who has right of way?
Starboard vessel has right of way
43
When one powered vessel is overtaking another powered vessel, which direction does it pass?
Either direction
44
In all interactions involving a powered vessel and a sail vessel, which vessel is the give-way, and what is the one exception?
The powered vessel is always the give-way and the sail vessel is stand-on. Overtaking is the one exception - the overtaking vessel is always the give-way and passes in either direction.
44
If operating a powered vessel, which vessels must you always give way to?
Any vessel not under command
Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver
Engaged in commercial fishing
Sailing vessels unless they're overtaking
45
Which aircraft always has the right of way?
Aircraft in distress
46
When two aircraft are approaching each other head on, which one has right of way?
Both must turn right
47
How must overtaking be done in aircraft?
To the right and well clear
47
What aircraft has right of way when their paths are crossing?
The aircraft to the right
47
Arrange the following aircraft categories in order of right of way:
Aircraft Refueling
Airship
Balloon
Airplane
Rotorcraft
Glider
Balloon
Glider
Aircraft Refueling
Airship
Airplane
Rotorcraft
48
When two aircraft are converging during landing, which one has right of way?
The lower aircraft
49
What aircraft has right of way over other aircraft in traffic patterns and on ground?
Aircraft approaching for landing
50
How is glide angle affected by wing length?
Longer wings = shallower glide angle
51
How much does lift increase if wing area is doubled?
Lift doubles
52
How much does drag increase if wing area is doubled?
Drag is doubled
52
How do headwinds affect takeoff distance?
Headwinds shorten takeoff distance
53
How do headwinds affect angle of climb?
Headwinds increase the angle of climb
54
How do tailwinds affect angle of climb?
Tailwinds decrease angle of climb
55
How do tailwinds affect takeoff distance?
Tailwinds lengthen takeoff distance
56
What's a windlass?
Designed for handling the anchor chain
56
What is the standard weight of gasoline?
6lb/gal
57
Standard weight of oil?
7.5lb/gal
57
Standard weight of water?
8.35lb/gal
58
What items aren't considered "aid to navigation"?
Items not solely purposed to assist navigator in fixing position
59
When does fog form?
Warm air moves over cold surface
59
Fog usually forms when the wet-bulb depression is ______
less than 4 degrees
59
You're approaching a vessel at night and see a red light on its side. What side of the ship are you approaching?
Starboard
60
List vessel light colors and locations
Port - Green
Starboard - Red
White - Direction it's travelling
Yellow - Special conditions
60
Fantail -
stern half of deck
61
Freeboard -
from water level to deck
61
Draft -
from water level to bottom of boat
62
Forecastle -
Bow half of deck
63
Keel -
principal structure of ship, runs lengthwise along center line from bow to stern, to which frames are attached
64
Lubbers Line -
the direction of ship's bow, fore and aft line of ship
65
Course Line -
line drawn from the fix in direction in which ship is moving
65
Humid air is _____ than dry air
lighter
66
Dry air is ______ than humid air
heavier
66
warm air is ________ than cold air
lighter
67
cold air is _______ than warm air
heavier
67
dead reckoning -
relying solely on compass for navigation
67
How does landing into the wind affect ground speed?
It decreases ground speed
68
In which scenarios are aircraft most likely to stall?
In high degree bank turns or high angles of attack
68
What are the two variable swept wing positions?
extended and swept
69
Why would you sweep the wings of a variable swept wing aircraft?
To reduce drag at high airspeeds
69
Why would you extend the wings of a variable swept wing aircraft?
to decrease ground speed during landing
to increase lift at low speed
70
Who is the father of the Navy?
John Paul Jones
71
What does each value represent in a standard logarithm?
Example: log3(9)=2
Base, product, exponent
3 = Base
9 = Product
2 = Exponent
72
What drag occurs due to the intersection of air streams?
Interference drag
73
What is aspect ratio?
ratio of the distance between wing tips to its average wing width
74
What is the formula for aspect ratio?
b^2/s
b= wingspan
s = surface area of wing
75
long skinny wings have a _____ aspect ratio
high
76
short wide wings have a _____ aspect ratio
low
77
What is wing load?
The ratio of wing surface area to aircraft weight
78
What is fly by wire?
control linkages between cockpit and planes control surfaces that are electronic rather than mechanical
79
What are trim tabs?
small control surfaces that permit the pilot to balance control forces in steady flight to relieve pressure on the aircrafts controls and thus, pilot fatigue
80
What causes sonic boom?
abrupt change in pressure across shock wave
80
What is another name for NFO?
Radar Intercept Officer
81
What are blue lights at airports?
Taxiway edge lights
82
What are white lights at airports?
Runway
82
How are runways numbered?
First 2 numbers in their compass heading (36 is north, not 00)
83
What is moon perigree?
When moon is closest to Earth
83
Complete the following table for ATC light gun signals:
84
What was the first conflict that saw wide helicopter use?
Korean War
84
Complete the following Navy boat naming conventions:
CG -
CA -
CV -
L ** -
BB -
S* -
A* -
M* -
CG - Guided Missile Cruiser
CA - Gun Cruiser
CV - Aircraft Carrier
L** - Amphibious / Landing Craft Carriers
BB - Battleship
S* - Submarine
A* - Combat Logistics
M* - Mine warfare
85
What is a Sloop?
single mast sailing vessel
85
What is a Yawl?
double mast sailing vessel where the mizzen or rear mast is aft of rudder post
86
What is a spring tide?
large ride and fall of the tide at or soon after new or full moon (high tides very high, low tides very low)
87
What is a neap tide?
tides midway between spring tides that attain the least height
88
What are ebb tides?
when the tide falls after high tide
89
Chronologically list the Apollo, Mercury, and Gemini space programs
Mercury
Gemini
Apollo
89
Who was the first American in space?
Alan Shepard
90
Who is John Glen
US Marine, 149 combat missions between WWII and Korean War. 5 distinguished flying crosses. First to fly supersonic across the US. First American to orbit the earth in space in the Project Mercury Gemini capsule Friendship 7.
91
When did Apollo 11 land on the moon?
1969
91
Who is Yuri Gagarin
Russian cosmonaut, first man in space.
92
Who was on the Apollo 11?
Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins
93
How many missions did the Apollo 11 have?
17
94
What is Pioneer 10?
First US spacecraft to explore outer solar system
94
Who was the first American to walk in space
Ed White
95
Why is fuel dumped during emergency landing?
To increase maneuverability by reducing landing weight
96
What do long periods of steady rain and fog indicate?
A warm front
96
List the layers of atmosphere from lowest to highest and their locations
Troposphere (20,000 ft at poles, 60,000 ft at equator)
Stratosphere (120,000 ft, 20 miles)
Mesosphere (300,000 ft, 50 miles)
Thermosphere / Ionosphere / Aurora (above and beyond)
Boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere is called the tropopause.
Ozone layer is in the higher end of the stratosphere
97
At what altitude do you typically need oxygen when flying?
10,000 ft
97
What is Bonhomme Richard?
A sailing frigate in the USN
97
Where is latitude measured from?
Equator
97
What is the chemical makeup of air?
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% argon
97
Where is longitude measured from?
Greenwich, England (prime meridian)
97
How many time zones are there?
24
98
What are the airclass spaces, their ceilings, and where they're located.
Class A - 18,000 ft MSL up to FL600 ( = really high ??)
Class B - surface to 10,000 ft MSL, surrounds major airports
Class C - surface to 4,000 ft AGL, around busy airports
Class D - surface to 2,500 ft AGL, surrounds airports with operational control tower
Class G - surface to either 1,200 ft AGL or 700 ft AGL
Class E - everything else
98
What is UTC/ZULU time?
coordiinated universal time, time at prime meridian
98
How are time zones divided?
By 15 degree intervals
99
What do the following transponder codes mean?
7500
7600
7700
7777
7500 for hijacking
7600 for loss of communication
7700 for emergency
7777 for military flight or interceptor
99
In taxiways, what do the following represent?
solid yellow line
double solid yellow
double solid yellow and double dashed yellow lines across width of taxiway
red with white characters
Centerline is solid yellow line
Edges are double solid yellow
Holding lines are double solid yellow and double dashed yellow lines across width of taxiway
Runway holding position sign: red with white characters
100
How are the following runway markings symbolized on a runway and what do they mean?
Displaced Threshold
Chevrons
Large white X
Displaced Threshold – start of landing
portion of runway, white block with white
arrows
Chevrons – only usable in case of an
emergency
Large white X – marks an unusable runway
101
How are taxiways lit?
Green lights on center or blue on edge
101
How are runways lit?
threshold is green, sideline is white, runway end is red
102
How are obstructions lit?
Red
103
What is VASI?
Visual Approach Slope Indicators
103
What are the VASI colors and what do they represent?
Red - low
White, amber - hight
Green - on slope
even number of white and red - on slope
104
What is PAPI?
Precision Approach Path Indicators
105
How many traffic pattern legs are there and what are they?
Upwind
Crosswind
Downwind
Base leg
Final approach
105
What tool is used to measure force?
Spring scale
105
What does the Beaufort Scale measure?
Wind speed
106
What is a fathomoeter?
electronic device used in making deep-sea soundings.
106
What is a sextant?
precision instrument used in celestial navigation to measure angles.
107
What is a capstan?
An apparatus used for hoisting weights, consisting of a vertical spool-shaped cylinder that is rotated manually or by machine and around which a cable is wound.
107
What are 4 methods for determining position?
Piloting
Dead reckoning
Celestial navigation
Electronic navigation
107
How do docks, wharfs, and slips differ?
Docks - right angle to the shore
Wharf - parallel to the shore
Slip - space between adjacent piers
108
What are the 3 cloud types and how are they described?
Cumulus - roman for heap. looks like heap of cotton
Stratus - latin for blanket. looks like flat blanket
Cirrus - latin for curl. look like curls of white hair
108
what does windward mean
toward the wind, into the wind
109
what does leeward mean
away from the wind, downwind
109
what is mean sea level temperature
15c
110
what is mean sea level pressure
29.92 in hg mercury
110
if it's hotter than standard, true altitude will be ______ than indicated altitude
higher
111
if it is colder than standard, true altitude will be _________ than indicated altitude
lower
111
an airplane engine with more than _____ horsepower is considered high performance
200
112
If you fly from high pressure to low pressure without resetting altimeter, indicated will read ______ altitude than your true altitude.
higher
112
If you fly from low to high pressure, true altitude will be ______ than indicated.
higher
113
What are the different types of drag?
Parasitic
Induced
114
What are the types of parasitic drag?
Form
Interference
Skin friction
114
What is the relationship between airspeed and parasitic drag?
Parasitic drag increases squarely with airspeed
115
When was the US Navy founded?
1798
115
When was the Continental Navy founded?
Oct 13, 1775
115
116
116
117
118
118
119
119
120
120
121
121
121
122
123
123
124
124
125
125
126
127
127
127
128
128
129
129
130
130
131
132
132
133
133
134
134
135
135
136
136
137
137
138
139
139
139
139
140
140
141
141
142
143
144
144
144
145
146
147
147
147
148
What is terminal velocity?
The maximum velocity a falling object can achieve. It occurs when the force of gravity pulling the object downwards is balanced by the force of drag (or air resistance) pushing upwards.
