Asterisk Flashcards
(176 cards)
1
Q
Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)
A
Half-life (T1/2)
2
Q
Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin all do this
A
Induce CYP450
3
Q
Cimetidine, ketoconazole, isoniazid, and grapefruit all do this
A
Inhibit CYP450
4
Q
Ability of drug to produce the maximal biologic effect
A
Efficacy
5
Q
Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors
A
Steroid and hormones
6
Q
Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity
A
Insulin, EGF, TGFbeta, PDGF, ANP
7
Q
Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity
A
N-acetylcysteine
8
Q
Antidote used for warfarin toxicity
A
Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
9
Q
Antidote used for opioid toxicity
A
Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)
10
Q
Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity
A
Flumazenil
11
Q
May protect against doxorubicin cardio-toxicity by chelating iron
A
Dexrazoxane
12
Q
Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE in pulmonary fibrosis
A
Bleomycin
13
Q
Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonist
A
Odansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron
14
Q
Hormone inhibiting prolactin release
A
Dopamine
15
Q
Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis
A
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
16
Q
Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and indicated for pregnant women in 1st trimester
A
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
17
Q
Propylthiouracil (PTU) mechanism of action
A
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase
18
Q
Some side effects of corticosteroids
A
Hyperglycemia, Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis
19
Q
Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors
A
Spironolactone
20
Q
Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy
A
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
21
Q
Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase
A
Testosterone
22
Q
Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin production
A
C-peptide
23
Q
Long acting insulin
A
NPH insulin
24
Q
Amino acid derivative for treatment of Type II diabetes
A
Nateglinide
25
Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption
Calcitonin (salmon prep)
26
Drug that causes contraction of the uterus
Oxytocin
27
Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3
Smooth muscle and mast cells; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively
28
2nd generation antihistamines
Fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine
29
H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs
Cimetidine
30
Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug
LSD
31
Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia
Bromocriptine
32
Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema
Bradykinin
33
Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator)
Capsaicin
34
Prostaglandins that cause abortions
Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol), PGE2, and PGF2alpha
35
Inhibitor of lipoxygenase
Zileuton
36
Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
PGE1 (Alprostadil)
37
Prostaglandin used as 2nd line treatment of erectile dysfunction
PGE1 (Alprostadil)
38
MOA and effect of nitric oxide
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
39
Muscarinic antagonist used in COPD
Ipratropium, tiotropium
40
MOA action of cromolyn
Blocks opening of Cl channels to prevent mast cell degranulation
41
SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively
42
Drug used for MRSA
Vancomycin
43
Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients
Rifampin
44
Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it
Scotch tape technique
| and mebendazole
45
MOA of sulfonamides
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
46
Anemia caused by trimethoprim
Megaloblastic anemia
47
DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas
Metronidazole
48
Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE)
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
49
Common side effect of Rifampin
Orange urine discoloration
50
DOC for influenza A and B
Oseltamivir or Zanamivir
51
DOC for RSV
Ribavirin
52
HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
Protease inhibitors
53
DOC for N. gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
54
DOC for herpes and its MOA
Acyclovir; activated by viral thymidine kinase, results in inhibition of viral DNA replication
55
Anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
Sulfonamides
56
Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
Ability to cross the placenta
57
Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
Flumazenil
58
Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
Ethanol
59
System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system MEOS
60
The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
61
Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures
Valproic acid, Phenytoin and Carbamazepine
62
Drugs of choice for absence seizures
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
63
Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures
Valproic acid
64
Anti-seizure drugs used also for pain of neuropathic orgin
Gabapentin
65
SE of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia
66
DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics
Dantrolene
67
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazenil
68
Opioid associated with awareness during surgery and post-operative recall, but still used for high-risk cardiovascular surgeries
Fentanyl
69
DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sarcoplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle
Dantrolene
70
Antipsychotics, reserpine at high doses, and MPTP (by-product of illicit meperidine analog) and is irreversible
Drug induced Parkinsonism
71
Side effects occuring in antipsychotics that block dopamine
EPS, hyperprolactinemia, amennorrhea, galactorrhea, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
72
Antipsychotics having the strongest autonomic effects
Chlorpromazine or Thioridazine
73
Agent with greater affinity to 5HT2A receptor; reserved for refractory schizophrenia, and can cause weight gain and agranulocytosis
Clozapine
74
Anti-psychotics shown not to cause tardive dyskinesia
Clozapine and quetiapine
75
Patients being treated with lithium, who are dehydrated, or taking diuretics concurrently, could develop
Lithium toxicity, lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
76
DOC for bipolar affective disorder
Lithium
77
SE of lithium
Tremor, sedation, ataxia, aphasia, thyroid enlargement, and reversible diabetes insipidus
78
TCA used in chronic pain, enuresis, and OCD
Imipramine
79
Unicyclic antidepressant least likely to affect sexual performance, used for management of nicotine withdrawal, SE's include dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures
Bupropion
80
Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release and pain transmission
Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors
81
Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
Miosis, convulsions and constipation
82
Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Methadone
83
Opioid available trans-dermally
Fentanyl
84
Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
Morphine
85
Moderate opioid agonists
Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
86
Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
Naloxone
87
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
Naltrexone
88
Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses
89
This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms (abstinence syndrome) to a recovering addict
Naloxone
90
"Date rape drug"
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
91
These agents are CNS depressants
Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
92
Treatments available for nicotine addiction
Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion
93
THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Marijuana
94
This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Bethanechol
95
Toxicity of cholinergics
DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)
96
Treat manifestations of Parkinson's disease and EPS
Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl
97
Treatment of motion sickness
Scopolamine
98
Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Atropine and other anti-muscarinic agents
99
Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
Ipratropium, tiotropium
100
Pneumonic for beta receptors
You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)
101
These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestant, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion)
Alpha1 agonists
102
Alpha 1 agonist toxicity
Hypertension
103
Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
104
Selective B1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating cardiac conditions in patients with asthma
Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol
105
This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma
Timolol
106
These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion
Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective)
107
Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are
ACE inhibitors
108
SE of ACE inhibitors
Dry cough, hyperkalemia
109
ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in
pregnancy and with hyperkalemia
110
Losartan and valsartan block
AT1 receptors
111
Side effect associated with ACEI but not ARBs
Dry cough
112
SE of CCB
Constipation, edema, and headache
113
Reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand
Beta-blockers
114
Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers
Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
115
SE of beta blockers
Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
116
Alpha 1selective blockers
Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
117
A1a-selective blocker used for BPH
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
118
SE of alpha blockers
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
119
Methyldopa is contraindicated in
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
120
SE of hydralazine
Lupus-like syndrome
121
Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma
Acetazolamide
122
Side effects of acetazolamide
Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
123
Site of action of loop diuretics
Thick ascending limb
124
Side effects of loop (furosemide) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity
125
An electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides
Calcium
126
Site of action of thiazide diuretics
Early distal convoluted tubule
127
Side effects of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
128
Mechanism of action of amiloride
Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct
129
Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
Spironolactone, eplerenone
130
Side effect of spironolactone
Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence
131
Diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure
Mannitol
132
MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics
Sodium channel blockers
133
SE of procainamide
Lupus-like syndrome
134
Limiting side effect of Quinidine
Prolongs QT interval
135
DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias
Lidocaine
136
Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to
Torsades de pointes
137
MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)
Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP
138
MOA of nitrates
Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
139
Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
Antithrombin 3
140
Antidote to reverse actions of heparin
Protamine sulfate
141
SE of Aspirin
GI bleeding
142
MOA of thrombolytics
Lyse thrombi by catalyzing the formation of plasmin which binds fibrin
143
Thrombolytics are used for
Pulmonary embolism and DVT
144
Agent for pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
145
Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Folic acid
146
Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure
Erythropoietin
147
How drug or foods (grapefruit juice) increase statin effect
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
148
Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS
LFT's
149
Decreases liver triglycerol synthesis
Niacin
150
SE of niacin
Cutaneous flush
151
Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of
Lipoprotein lipase
152
Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
153
Acetaminophen only has what activity?
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
154
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
N-acetylcysteine
155
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for
Rheumatic disease
156
Agent that inhibits xanthine oxidases and used to treat chronic gout
Allopurinol, febuxostat
157
Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning
Atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM)
158
Antidote used for heparin toxicity
Protamine Sulfate
159
Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase
Aminocaproic acid
160
Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP
Allopurinol
161
Binds tubulin and prevents the disassembly of microtubules during the M phase of the cell cycle inducing mitotic arrest
Paclitaxel (taxol)
162
Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer
Tamoxifen
163
ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality
Cosyntropin
164
Agent of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine (T4)
165
Common SE of spironolactone
Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia
166
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study)
Raloxifene
167
Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA tx.
Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator)
168
1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
Diphendydramine
169
5HT-1D/1B agonist used for migraine headaches
Sumatriptan, naratriptan, and rizatriptan
170
Agents for reduction of postpartum bleeding
Oxytocin and ergonovine
171
Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor
Cyproheptadine
172
MOA of fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
173
Vancomycin MOA
Binds D-Ala-D-Ala on murein monomers and prevent polymerization of the murein monomers
174
Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media
Amoxicillin
175
Drug of choice for tx of pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole
176
5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced
| emesis
Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and palonosetron
