ASTHMA

Question 1

Refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs through a series of
air passages.

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

Bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation are a normal response and
important mechanism of the body
True or False?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

It promotes bronchodilation and pulmonary vasodilation

Answer 3

cAMP

Question 4

Main neurotransmitter of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Main neurotransmitter of sympathetic autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Catecholamine

Question 6

The main energy of our cell where the cAMP is obtained

Answer 6

ATP/Adenosine triphosphate

Question 7

ATP is converted into cAMP by using an enzyme called?

Answer 7

adenylyl cyclase

Question 8

Drugs that can stimulate Acetycholine

Answer 8

Beta 2 agonists

Question 9

Physiologically characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea
and bronchi to various stimuli

Answer 9

Bronchial Asthma

Question 10

Drugs that are nonselective beta blockers that can cause bronchoconstriction

Answer 10

Propranolol and Metroprolol

Question 11

A needle shape that results from the breakdown of

eosinophils

Answer 11

Charcott Leyden Crystal

Question 12

A mucus plugs originating from small bronchi. It is

dangerous because it blocks air exchange and medication.

Answer 12

Curschmann spiral

Question 13

First thing that happens during asthma which narrows the airways

Answer 13

Bronchospasm

Question 14

Asthma is what type of pulmonary disease?

Answer 14

Obstructive

Question 15

Give the 5 main events that occur in asthma

Answer 15

Triggering, Signaling, Migration, Cell Activation, Tissue stimulation and Damage

Question 16

Activation of mast cells will result to release of?

Answer 16

histamine and leukotriene

Question 17

It is the release of histamine and leukotriene when the antigen binds to IgE

Answer 17

degranulation

Question 18

Signaling cells

Answer 18

Lymphocytes, eosinophils, epithelial cells, macrophages

Question 19

It has a capability to communicate with other

inflammatory cells to go into the airway.

Answer 19

Cytokines (Interleukin 5)

Question 20

What will be the cause of overproduction of cytokines?

Answer 20

Bronchoconstriction

Question 21

This is where the upregulation of adhesion molecules begins

Answer 21

Migration

Question 22

movement of cell in response to chemical stimulus.

Answer 22

chemotaxis

Question 23

It appears to be important in the development of

bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, increased vascular permeability, and hyperresponsiveness.

Answer 23

Leukotrienes

Question 24

Occurs as a result of these inflammatory

mediators released from activated cells.

Answer 24

Tissue stimulation and damage

Question 25

Highly inflammatory phagocytic white blood cells

Answer 25

Neutrophils

Question 26

It is also known as IgE mediated or allergic asthma that are common in children which Associated with a genetic predisposition, precipitated by known allergens

Answer 26

Extrinsic Asthma

Question 27

Attacks occur daily but not more than once a day

Answer 27

Moderate persistent

Question 28

Is a life-threatening condition that occurs when a severe asthma exacerbation fails to respond to usual treatment.

Answer 28

Status Asthmaticus

Question 29

the thin covering that protects and cushions the lungs

Answer 29

pleural space

Question 30

Used to prevent asthma attacks

Answer 30

long-term

Question 31

MOA of Beta 2 Agonists

Answer 31

Stimulate ß2-receptors activating adenylyl cyclase

Question 32

First line in the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

Answer 32

Short acting w/ rapid onset

Question 33

Most common adverse effect of short-acting w/ rapid onset

Answer 33

tremor

Question 34

Prophylactic agent to reduce the frequency and severity of acute attacks and it is the only beta-2-agonist administered orally

Answer 34

Bambuteron (Bambec)

Question 35

An example of a natural catecholamine that stimulates catecholamine receptor including beta 2

Answer 35

Epinephrine

Question 36

Why is Epinephrine cannot be given orally?

Answer 36

because it produces vasoconstricting effect, it limits its | own absorption, and it has a high first pass effect

Question 37

An indirect sympathomimetic agent because it does not directly bind to receptor, but rather, it increases the level of catecholamines for it to bind to the receptors

Answer 37

Ephedrine

Question 38

Last line treatment for asthma because they possess narrow therapeutic index

Answer 38

Methylxanthines

Question 39

MOA of Methylxanthines at high concentrations

Answer 39

it inhibits several members of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family. Phosphodiesterase inactivates CAMP and CGMP by means of hydrolysis

Question 40

Drugs that increases metabolism of methylxanthines:

Answer 40

Rifampicin, Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Benzopyrene, Smoking

Question 41

Alternative for bronchial asthma because they are first line reliver for COPD

Answer 41

Anticholinergics

Question 42

Why Ipratropium is combined with Salbutamol and Fenoterol?

Answer 42

The addition of ipratropium enhances the bronchodilation produced by nebulized albuterol in acute severe asthma.

Question 43

Prophylactic agents for asthma. It is stable but extremely insoluble salts

Answer 43

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Question 44

An mast cell stabilizer that is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and must be inhaled as a microfine powder or aerosolized solution.

Answer 44

Cromolyn (Intal)

Question 45

A potent bronchoconstrictors, and are most likely candidates for mediating allergic bronchospasms

Answer 45

Leukotrienes

Question 46

Why Zileuton (Zyflo) is least prescribed)

Answer 46

because it requires | four times daily dosing and because of occasional liver toxicity

Question 47

an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.

Answer 47

Phenylketonuria

Question 48

A systemic vasculitis characterized by worsening | asthma, pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia

Answer 48

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Question 49

Administration of corticosteroids for control of asthma

Answer 49

early in the morning, after endogenous ACTH | secretion has peaked because secretion of corticosteroids has a diurnal variation

Question 50

A mixture of helium and oxygen that has a lower density than air and because of its decreased airflow resistance, it may increase ventilation during acute asthma exacerbations.

Answer 50

Heliox