Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pulmonology > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Asthma?

A

Chronic, obstructive inflammatory lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The percentage of people in the US with Asthma is?

A

18% but its downward trending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Asthma is chronic _ w/ superimposed acute _ _

A

inflammation, inflammatory episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during long term asthma?

A

-Increase of inflammatory cells
-Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
-Basement membrane thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes increased intraluminal mucous accumulation?

A

Goblet cell hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is it called when there’s increased sensitivity to allergens and airway reactivity?

A

Denundation of airway epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three risk factors of asthma?

A

-Atopy
-Obesity
-Family history asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kinds of medications act on B2-receptors?

A

Beta-adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 4 SABA medications

A

Short acting B2 agonist
-Albuterol
-Levalbuterol
-Metaproterenol
-Turbutaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 3 LABA medications

A

Long Acting B2 Agonist
-Sameterol
-Formoterol
-Arfomoterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a side effect of prolonged use of SABA/LABA?

A

Can lead to decrease of pulmonary b2 adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does anticholinergics have in common with B-adrenergic agonists and how are they different?

A

-They both causes smooth muscle relaxation (bronchodilation)
-Anticholinergics reduces mucous secretions in airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name a SAMA

A

Ipratropium bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should you give a patient with B-blocker induced asthma?

A

SAMA- ipratropium bromdie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can SAMA be used with a SABA?

A

Yes, ipratropium bromide improves recovery from exacerbation when used in conjunction with SABA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the combination of duoneb nebulizer medication?

A

Ipratropium bromide + albuterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 3 inhaled corticosteriods?

A

-Fluticasone
-Budesonide
-Mometasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a good topic for patient education when prescribing inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Rinse mouth after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are two inhaled corticosteroids that are mixed with a LABA?

A

Budesonide-formoterol (Symbicort)
Mometaside-formoterol (Dulera)

20
Q

What are 2 oral/injectable corticosteroids?

A

-Prednisone
-Methylprednisolone

21
Q

What would an oral or injectable corticosteroid be needed?

A

During exacerbation

22
Q

What is a leukotriene receptor antagonist and what is it for?

A

-Long term helps prevent chronic airway inflammation
- Montelukast (Singulair)

23
Q

Name a Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

A

Theophylline

24
Q

When should you prescribe theophylline?

A

For moderate or severe persistant asthma when asthma is NOT being adequately controlled by inhaled corticosteroids

25
What are some actions of theophylline?
Antiinflammatory/immunomodullary Enhances mucocillary clearance Strengthens diagram contractility
26
Can you prescribe theophylline for at home use?
No, it has a narrow window.
27
What is an over the counter medication asthmatics can use?
Cromolyn Sodium
28
What does cromolyn sodium do?
Mast cell inhibitor, prevents mast cell release of histamine + leuktrienes.
29
How do you diagnose an asthmatic?
PFT at their baseline
30
Where should an asthmatic's FEV1 and FEV1/FVC be before bronchodilation?
Fev1 < 80% FEV1/FVC < 85%
31
After bronchodilation, how much should FVC or FEV1 improve in order to be diagnosed as asthmatic
=> 12% improvement
32
If they test negative in the PFT are pts not asthmatics?
No, they still need to do a bronchoprovocation test
33
How much should FEV1 be if positive test to bronchoprovocation?
Decrease FEV1 > 20%
34
What is the medication used in bronchoprovocation test?
methacholine
35
What is PEF?
Peak expiratory flow measurement, its a quick measurement of forced expiration following full inspiration used to monitor during treatment
36
What are the three zones for PEF?
Green zone -80-100% Yellow zone- 50-80% (start home action plan, avoid stimuli) Red zone - <50% (serious airway obstruction- medical emergency)
37
What are three validated questionnaires to identify asthma?
ATAQ: Asthma therapy assessment questionnaire ACQ: Asthma control questionnaire ACT: Asthma control test
38
What are the 5 guidelines for treatment according toe the 2022 Global strategy for asthma management and prevention?
1. Assessing asthma control and severity 2. Distinguish between severe asthma and uncontrolled asthma 3. Personalize pharmacologic therapy 4. Treat modifiable risk factors 5. Self-management education and skills training
39
What are the 4 questions of GINA asthma symptom control?
- Daytime asthma symptoms more than 2/week -Any night waking due to asthma -SABA reliever for symptoms more than 2/week -Any activity limitation due to asthma Well controlled = 0 1-2 Partially controlled 3-4 Uncontrolled
40
What is STEP I in GINA and medications they can take?
Symptoms < 2x times a month Low-dose ICS with rapid onset LABA Budesonide-formoterol Mometasone-formoterol or Low-dose ICS whenever SABA used. Budesonide Mometasone Fluticasone Albuterol/levalbuterol/Terbutaline/Metaproterenol
41
What is STEP II and medication they can take?
Symptoms < 4 days per week Low-dose ICS with + LABA as needed Budesonide-formoterol Mometasone-formoterol or Low-dose ICS DAILY + SABA used. Budesonide Mometasone Fluticasone Albuterol/levalbuterol/Terbutaline/Metaproterenol
42
What is STEP III and medication they can take?
Symptoms 4-6 days per week or waking once a week: Low-dose ICS-LABA as maintenance and reliever therapy budesonide-formoterol Mometason-formoterol Low-dos ICS-LABA combination daily with SABA as needed budesonide-formoterol Mometason-formoterol + Albuterol/levalbuterol/Terbutaline/Metaproterenol ***Consider specialist***
43
What is STEP IV and medication they should take?
Daily symptoms or waking with asthma once per week or more Medium-dose ICS-LABA daily and SABA as needed budesonide-formoterol Mometason-formoterol + Albuterol/levalbuterol/Terbutaline/Metaproterenol Leukotriene receptor antagonist (Montelukast) or LAMA- tiotropium ***Refer to specialist***
44
What is STEP V and medication they should take
High dose ICS-LABA daily and SABA as needed *Leukotriene receptor antagonist, LAMA-tiotriopium or oral glucocorticoids. ONLY Mometasone-formoterol
45
What is a short term step up?
1-2 weeks during seasonal pollen or viral illness increased
46
What is a sustained step up?
2-3 months Continued symptoms at current level with confirmed diagnosis of asthma if no responses in 2-3 months, reduce to previous level and try alternative treatments/refer.
47
What is step down?
Attempt to step down to previous tier if symptoms are well controlled for 2-3 months.

Pulmonology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions