Asthma

Question 1

is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which develops under the allergens influence

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

Asthma associates with

Answer 2

bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reversible obstruction

Question 3

Asthma manifests with attacks of

Answer 3

dyspnea, breathlessness, cough, wheezing, chest tightness and
sibilant rales more expressed at
breathing-out.

Question 4

is a respiratory allergic disease, the influence of allergens permeated into the organism through airways is essential for the disease development.

Answer 4

Asthma

Question 5

are contained in the air of apartment houses

Answer 5

Communal allergens

Question 6

Example of communal allergens

Answer 6

House-dust mites
Fur of domestic animals
Vital products of domestic insects
Tobacco smoke
Aerosols and synthetic ingredients

Question 7

Occupational exposure

Answer 7

Dusts (industrial or wood)
Chemical fumes
Vapors
Molds

Question 8

Pharmacological exposure

Answer 8

Antibiotics
Vaccines
Serums

Question 9

Pathophysiology

Answer 9

Trigger factor. Airway inflammation= hypersecretion of mucus, airwaysmuscle contraction, swelling bronchial membranes. Narrow breathing passages=Wheezing, cough, SOB, Tightness in chest

Question 10

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 10

• Chest tightness, pain or pressure.
• Coughing (especially at night).
• Shortness of breath.
  Wheezing

Question 11

Symptoms ≤ 2x a week

Answer 11

Mild intermittent

Question 12

Sx > 2x a week but < once a day

Answer 12

Mild persistent

Question 13

Daily symptoms

Answer 13

Moderate persistent

Question 14

Continuous symptoms

Answer 14

Severe persistent

Question 15

Asymptomatic and normal PEF between exacerbations

Answer 15

Mild intermittent

Question 16

Exacerbations can affect daily activity

Answer 16

Mild persistent

Question 17

Exacerbations 2x a week

Answer 17

Moderate persistent

Question 18

Limitations in Physical activity

Answer 18

Severe persistent

Question 19

Exacerbations brief (from a few hours to a few days); intensity may vary

Answer 19

Mild intermittent

Question 20

Exacerbations can affect daily activities

Answer 20

Moderate persistent

Question 21

Frequent exacerbations

Answer 21

Severe persistent

Question 22

Night time sx < twice a month

Answer 22

Mild intermittent

Question 23

Night time sx> 2x a month

Answer 23

Mild persistent

Question 24

Night time sx > once a week

Answer 24

Moderate persistent

Question 25

Frequent night time sx

Answer 25

Severe persistent

Question 26

FEV1 or PEF > 80% of predicted value

Answer 26

Mild intermittent

Question 27

FEV1 or PEF ≥ 80% of predicted value

Answer 27

Mild persistent

Question 28

FEV1 or PEF >60 - <80% of predicted value

Answer 28

Moderate persistent

Question 29

FEV1 or PEF ≤60% of predicted value

Answer 29

Severe persistent

Question 30

PEF variability < 20%

Answer 30

Mild intermittent

Question 31

PEF variability 20% - 30%

Answer 31

Mild persistent

Question 32

PEF variability > 30%

Answer 32

Moderate persistent & severe persistent

Question 33

Steps in testing and diagnosis

Answer 33

√Medical history √Physical exam √Spirometry √Exhaled nitric oxide test Additional Tests: *X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) imaging of your chest. *CT scans of your sinuses. -Blood tests *Gastroesophageal reflux assessment. -Testing of the phlegm in your lungs for signs of a viral or bacterial infection.

Question 34

Mgt of Asthma

Answer 34

Adrenergics (Beta 2 Agonists - Albuterol) Steroids Theophylline Hydration (IV) Mask O2 Anticholinergics

Question 35

The complications of asthma exacerbations are:

Answer 35

pneumothorax Lung atelectasis Pneumonia Acute or subacute cor pulmonale Asthmatic status

Question 36

Asthma in childhood leads to

Answer 36

Growth inhibition Thoracic deformation

Question 36

Persistent asthma causes:

Answer 36

Fibrosing bronchitis Small bronchi deformation and obliteration Emphysema Pneumosclerosis Chronic respiratory Failure Chronic Cor pulmonale

Question 37

Life-threatening under certain circumstances:

Answer 37

1. Severe Airway Obstruction 2. Respiratory Failure 3. Silent Asthma 4. Status Asthmaticus 5. Asthma-Related Complications 6. Triggers and Individual Variability 7. Medication Non-Compliance 8. Lack of Access to Healthcare