asthma

Question 1

council patient on how to use asthma

Answer 1

Shake the inhaler well.

Insert inhaler into the spacer.
Place mouthpiece in the mouth, form a good seal with lips.

Press the inhaler once to release a puff.

Take 5 slow, deep breaths (or 1 long slow breath and hold for 10 seconds).

Wait 30 seconds and repeat if another puff is needed.

Question 2

metered dose

Answer 2

PROS:
- fast acting and widely available
- can be used with spacer
CONS:
- requires proper technique
- high environmental impact

Question 3

dry powder inhaler

Answer 3

PROS:
- easier to use for most patients
- no propellants - low carbon footprint

Question 4

soft mist inhalers

Answer 4

PROS:
- slow moving mist so more time to inhale
- no propellants

CONS:
- more complex to use
- costly

Question 5

reccomendations from NICE about asthma practice and sustainability

Answer 5

Where clinically appropriate, switch from MDIs to DPIs or SMIs to reduce carbon footprint

Educate patients on inhaler recycling schemes (e.g. at some pharmacies)

Regularly review inhaler technique and adherence to avoid waste

Question 6

points of stoma care

Answer 6

• cleaning stoma
• inspecting stoma size and shape
• changing the bag every 3-7 days

Question 7

clean stoma

Answer 7

Gently clean the stoma and surrounding skin with warm water. You do not need soap unless it’s necessary. Avoid using alcohol or harsh chemicals that can irritate the skin.

Pat the stoma area dry with a soft towel or tissue after cleaning.

The stoma should be moist, shiny, and pink or red. If it appears darker or purple, seek advice from your healthcare provider.

Question 8

steps on how to change stoma bag

Answer 8

Gather all necessary supplies (new pouch, skin barrier, disposable gloves, etc.).

Remove the old pouch gently and dispose of it. Be careful not to let stool spill.

Clean the area around the stoma with warm water, as mentioned earlier.

Measure the stoma size and cut the new pouch or skin barrier to fit snugly around the stoma.
Apply the pouch: Press it securely onto the skin, ensuring the adhesive sticks well to avoid leaks.

Question 9

describe the components of a diabetic annual review

Answer 9

• HbA1c
• blood pressure
• lipid profile
• kidney function
• retinal screening
• foot examination
• assessment of medication and treatment plan