asthma

Question 1

albuterol MOA, AE’s

Answer 1

Short acting Beta-2 agonist

HA, tremor, URTI, pharyngitis, cough, tachycardia / palpitations, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia

Question 2

Salmeterol, Eormoterol MOA, AE’s, black box

Answer 2

long acting beta-2 receptor agonists due to lipid solubility
Black box - associated with increased risk of sever astham exacerbations and asthma-related death
HA, tremor, URTI, pharyngitis, cough, tachycardia / palpitations, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia

Question 3

Ipratropium bronide, tiotropium, aclidinium bromide, umeclidinium MOA, AE’s

Answer 3

anticholinergics (block PSNS)

blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, HA, URTI, episaxis, a fib, chest pain, angina

Question 4

Fluticasone, Flunisolide, Ciclesonide, Mometasome, Budesonide, Beclomethasone MOA

Answer 4

inhaled corticosteroids
block allergic response by inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines, prostaglandins, bradykinin)

Question 5

Fluticasone, Flunisolide, Ciclesonide, Mometasome, Budesonide, Beclomethasone AE’s

Answer 5

oral thrush (candidiasis), HA, URTI/LRTI, adrenal suppression / growth inhibition, reduced bone mineral density, glaucoma / cataracts

Question 6

Fluticasone, Flunisolide, Ciclesonide, Mometasome, Budesonide, Beclomethasone clinical effects

Answer 6

reduce hyperresponsiveness to allergens; decrease exacerbations and improve sxs
NO bronchodilatory properties

Question 7

Theophylline, Aminophylline MOA

Answer 7

Methylxanthines

non-selective PDE inhibitor, adenosine antagonists, stimulates endogenous catecholamine release

Question 8

Theophylline, Aminophylline AE’s

Answer 8

narrow therapeutic window

nausea/vomiting, jitteriness/insomnia, HA, tachycardia / arrhythmias, seizures

Question 9

PDE 3, 4 effects

Answer 9

PDE 3 - airway smooth muscle

PDE 4 - inflammatory regulation; PDE4 inhibitors have no significant clinical effect in asthma

Question 10

Montelukast, Zafirlukast MOA

Answer 10

leukotriene modifiers - leukotriene receptor antagonists
bind leukotriene D4 receptors to prevent: chemoattraction of eosinophils, stimulation of inflammatory mediators, increased endothelial permeability, smooth muscle contraction and thick mucus secretion

Question 11

Zileuton MOA

Answer 11

leukotriene modifier - lipoxygenase inhibitor

inhibits 5-lipoxygenase -> inhibits leukotriene formaiton