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Pharm U4 > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Short-acting B2 agonist–bronchodilators used to prevent or reduce exercise-induced bronchospasms, mild asthma and acute exacerbations?

A

Albuterol
Terbutaline
Metoproterenol
Pirbutal

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the B2 agonist–bronchodilators?

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle
Inhibit mediator release–mast cells, basophils
Increase mucociliary clearance
Suppression of microvascular permeability

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3
Q

What are the side effects of the B2 agonist–bronchodilators?

A 
Musculoskeletal tremor
Tachycardia
Hyperglycemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Prolonged QTc
Lactic acidosis
Paradoxical bronchospasm
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4
Q

Long-acting B2 agonist–bronchodilators used for long-term control of asthma symptoms

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol
Indacaterol

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5
Q

What is the R-isomer of albuterol

A

Levalbuterol

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6
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that enhance signaling via increased cAMP and cGMP causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and are used to reduce inflammation and bronchospasm in moderate to severe asthma and night symptoms?

A

Theophylline
Theobromine
Caffeine

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7
Q

What are the side effects of Theophylline, Theobromine, and Caffeine?

A

CNS stimulation or seizures
Tachycardia/arrhythmias
Anorexia
Nausea

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8
Q

Selective PDE4 inhibitor used for the tx of COPD?

A

Roflumilast

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9
Q

What are the side effects of Roflumilast?

A

CNS stimulation or seizures
Tachycardia/arrhythmias
Anorexia
Nausea

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10
Q

What are the 1st line agents used for chronic COPD?

A

Quarternary amine antimuscarinics

Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Atropine

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Quarternary amine antimuscarinics Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Atropine?

A

Blocks vagal pathways and decreases vagal tone to bronchial smooth muscle
Aslo blocks the reflex bronchoconstriction caused by inhaled irritants

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12
Q

What are the side effects of the Quarternary amine antimuscarinics Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Atropine?

A

Typical antimuscarinic effects
Acute angle glaucoma
Paradoxical bronchospasm

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13
Q

Name the quaternary amine antimuscarinic that has less systemic and CNS side effects than the others due to extremely short circulation half-life?

A

Aclidinium Bromide

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14
Q

Cornerstone tx of persistent asthma and beneficial combination with beta2 agonist.

A

Corticosteroid- anti-inflammatory agent

Budesonide
Fluticasone propionate
Beclomethasone

Ciclesonide–Same but a prodrug and only activated by airway esterase

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agents used for the tx of persistent asthma ?

A

Anti-inflammatory effects

  • Inhibition of growth factor secretion
  • Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites and platelet activation factor
  • Inhibition of leukocyte accumulation
  • Decreased vascular permeability
  • Inhibition of neuropeptide mediated responses
  • Inhibition of mucous glycoprotein secretion
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16
Q

Corticosteroid that is a prodrug activated by airway esterase?

A

Ciclesonide

17
Q

What are the side effects of the corticosteroids used for persistent asthma?

A

Inhaled

  • Thrush
  • Hoarseness
  • Dry cough
  • Mild adrenal suppresion

Oral

  • mood-swings
  • increased appetites
  • Suppression of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion–Cushing’s syndrome
18
Q

What are sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium and what are they used for?

A

Anti-inflammatory agents

Prophylaxis for inhibiting both early and late phase reactions–best results in mild and allergic asthma

19
Q

Add-on therapy in mild persistent asthma, aspirin-induced asthma and prophylaxis for exercise-induced bronchospasm?

A

Leukotriene inhibitors

Montelukast
Pranlukast
Zafirlukast

Zileuton–inhibits both 5-lipoxygenase and blocks leukotriene synthesis

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of montelukast, pranluksat, zafirlukast?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Zileuton?

A

Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase and blocks leukotriene synthesis

22
Q

What is the major side effect of Zileuton?

A

Liver toxicity

23
Q

Used for poorly controlled severe asthma–administered by subQ injection every 3 weeks?

A

Omalizumab

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?

A

Anti-IgE mAB–blocks IgE function

Pharm U4 (8 decks)

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