Asthma Flashcards
(7 cards)
List the possible agents that can be used for asthma management.
- Beta agonists
- ICS
- Muscarinic receptor antagonists
- Xanthines
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Beta agonist
MOA and side effects?
Binds to beta-2 receptors, causing bronchodilation and decreasing release of inflammatory cells, and decrease mucosal oedema.
Side effects:
- Tachycardia
- Tremor
- Insomnia
- Hypokalaemia
- Decreased BSL
- Muscle cramps
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
MOA and side effects?
Binds to muscarinic receptors M1 and M3, inhibiting ACh binding causing parasympathetic response. It relaxes the bronchial airways.
Side effects:
- Dry mouth
- Nausea & vomiting
- Tachycardia
- Blurry vision
Xanthine
MOA and side effects?
Inhibits phosphodiesterase, and leads to increased bronchodilation and vasodilation, with decreased activation of the inflammatory cells.
Side effects:
- Tachycardia
- Nausea
- Diuresis
- Anorexia
- CNS stimulation
ICS
MOA?
It modifies gene transcription, leads to reduced neutrophils and T cell function, leading to reduced airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness.
Describe some pathophysiology of asthma.
- Airway remodelling; goblet cell metaplasia and hyperplasia, smooth muscle hyperplasia
- Bronchial wall constriction and airway hyper-responsiveness
- Airway inflammatory: recruitment of eosinopils, mast cells, T-cells, macrophages, neutrophils
ICS
Side effects?
- Immunosuppression
- Oral thrush
- Dermal thinning and bruising
- Osteoporosis
- Adrenal suppression
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Diabetes
- Cushing’s syndrome
