Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

circulation and breathing > asthma and airways disease > Flashcards

asthma and airways disease Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the most common respiratory disease

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the epidemiology of asthma

A
  • high prevelance in UK, america, australlia
  • lower prevelance in lower income countries e.g. ethiopia has a prevelance of 2%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the tisk factors of asthma

A
  • family history
  • age (peak prevelance around 6-12)
  • presence of other allergic/ atopic conditions
  • social deprivation
  • smoking
  • air pollution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the 3 pathological basis of asthma

A
  1. increased airway obstruction
  2. airway inflammation
  3. bronchial hyper reactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most common type of asthma

A

-type 2 eosinophilic asthma (common in adults, allergic asthma common in children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the triggers for asthma

A
  • indoor sensitisation (house dust mite, moulds)
  • outdoor sensitisation (tree pollen, grass pollen)
  • viral infections
  • air poullatants
  • medications (aspirin)
  • sulfites in food stuff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the symptoms of asthma

A
  • coughing
  • shortness of breath
  • weezing
  • recurrant chest infections
    can depend on season
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does a peak flow diary work and what are the adv and disadv

A
  • measure expiratory flow and keep a diary this could be over a few days or a few weeks etc
  • more than 20% variabiltiy suggestive of asthma
  • adv includes cheap, easy, repeatable
  • disadv include need forced exhalation so effort dependant, not specific to asthma, patients need to keep track
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does spirometery work

A
  • measures flow volume and prodcues a flow volume loop
  • adv allows to calculate fev1, fev1/fvc ratio, definitive test for airway obstruction and reversibility
  • diadv include patient needs to do trest during exacerbation and normal test does not exclude asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the FeNO test

A
  • biomarker
  • NO is a biomarker for eosinophilic inflammation
  • diadv elevated in other conditions such as rhinitis, just a measurment of a specific inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the bronchial challenge

A
  • inhalation of metacholine (or manittol) and the concentration required to cause 20% fall in fev1 is measured
  • adv measure airway hyperresponsivness
  • disadv may not be tolerated by some, time consuming, cannot be done on everyone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can inhaled asthma medications be classified into

A
  • short and long acting beta agoonists
  • long and short acting muscarinic antagonists
  • inhaled corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an example of a short acting beta agonsit for asthma

A

salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an example of a long acting beta agonist for asthma

A
  • salmetarol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an example of a short acting muscarinic antagonist for asthma

A
  • ipratropium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an example of a long acting muscarinic antagonist for asthma

A
  • tiotropium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an example of an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma

A
  • beclomethasone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how can the oral asthma medications be divided into

Study These Flashcards
A
  • oral corticosteorids
  • leukotriene receptor antagonist (blocks production of leukotrienes)
  • theophylines (cause bronchodilation via several mechanism
19
Q

what is an example of a leukotriene receptor antagonists for oral asthma medication

Study These Flashcards
A

montelukast- blocks production of leukotrienes

20
Q

what is an example of a theophylines- oral medication of asthma

Study These Flashcards
A
  • aminophylinne
21
Q

what is an example of a oral corticosteroid for asthma

Study These Flashcards
A
  • prednisolone- reduce inflammation by altering production if inflammatory mediators
22
Q

what is an example of anti IgE injectible asthma medication

23
Q

what is an example of an anti IL5 injectible asthma medication

Study These Flashcards
A
  • mepolizumab/benralzumab
24
Q

what is an example of an anti IL4 injectible asthma medication

25
what is an example of an anti thymic storm lymphopoitin (TSLP) for asthma
- tezepelumab (inhibits antigen presentation)
26
what are the three types of inhalers
- pMDI - dry mist inhaler - soft mist inhaler
27
what is the disadvantage of dry mist inhaler
- need full inhalation force (quick and deep breaths in) - can be diffficult for children, elderly, suring severe asthma attacks
28
what is the issue with pMDIs
- works by using hydrofluorocarbon propellant - HCFs are powerful greenhouse gases - contrubute to 3-4% CO2 footprint of NHS
29
should all patients be on dry mist inhaler
- no as not all patients woulndt be able to take quick and deep inahlation to use a DPI - some patients (mainly with COPD) lack rthe necessary inspiratory flow to use a DPI
30
how can asthma be classified
- moderate asthma (PEF>50-75%) - acute severe asthma (PEF 33-50% - life threatening asthma (PEF<33%)
31
What are signs of moderate asthma
- PEF 50-75% - SpO2> 92% - no features of acute severe asthma
32
what are the signs of acute severe asthma
- 33-50% PEF - SpO2>92% - cannot complete sentance in one breath - respiration >25/min
33
what are the signs of life threatening asthma
- PEF <33% - siltent chest, cyanosis, poor respirtory effort - exhaustion, altered consciousness - arryhthmias, hypotensions - SpO2>92%
34
what is MART
- maintenance and reliever therapy - taken daily and during exacerbations/acute onsets - includes ICS, LABA used as both maintenance and reliever - seperate reliever salbutamol not required
35
what is AIR
- anti inflammatory reliever - combinated of ICS and LABA, only taken when patient has symptoms
36
what are the risk factors of COPD
- tobacco smoking - environmental exposures such as biomass feul exposure and air pollution
37
what are the symptoms of copd
- breathlessness - wheezing - chronic cough/ sputum production - recurrant respiratory tract infections
38
what two conditons come under COPD
- chronic bronchitis (persistent airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion) - emphysema (desturction of alveolar sacs leading to impaired gas exchange, also adds to airway obstruction by changing the sturucture of the lung surrounding the bronchioles
39
what is the key patholgoy in COPD
- airflow obsturction - gas trapping and hyperinflation - impaired gas exchange and ventilation/perfusion mismatch - pulmonary hypertension (due to hypoxia leading to vasoconstriction) - exacerbations - increased comorbitidies
40
hwat test do you need to do to diagnose someone with COPD
- spirometery to measure airflow obstruction
41
what values can we dereive from spirometry for COPD
- FEV1 - FVC - PEAK FLOW - FEV1/FVC ratio
42
what is the most cost effective way of treating COPD
- flu vaccines - followed by stop smoking suport with pharmocotherapy - most expensive is triple therapy
43
what is pulmonary rehabilitation
- pulmonary rehabilitation is a specialised programe of exercise and education designed to help people with lungs problems such as COPD - peopl with stable COPD and a score of 3 or above on the MRC dyspnoea are reffered to pulmonry rehabilitation
44
treating COPD exarcerbations
- Short acting bronchodilators - oral corticosteorids - antibiotics - ventilaiton support

circulation and breathing (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions