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Pharmacology > Asthma treatments > Flashcards

Asthma treatments Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

Condition associated with:

  • Airway hyperresponsiveness
  • Reversible air flow limitation
  • Bronchial inflammation
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2
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Wheezing attacks
Tightness in chest
Cough
Worse at night

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3
Q

Triggers of asthma attacks

A 
Exposure to allergen
Cold air/exercise
Pollutants
Emotion
Drugs
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4
Q

What does a bronchodilator (reliever) do?

A

Relax smooth muscle and widen airways

Act on beta 2 adrenoreceptors

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5
Q

What do you know about salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline?

A

Bronchodilator
Reliever of asthma
Dilates bronchioles
Beta agonists

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6
Q

Salbutamol has a similar structure to…

A

Adrenaline

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7
Q

Of salbutamol and salmeterol which is the short acting and which is the long acting

A

Salbutamol - short acting

Salmeterol - long acting

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8
Q

Side effects of using an inhaler instead of orally

A

Tremor
Increased HR
Hypokalaemia
Headache

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9
Q

What does a preventer do in terms of asthma?

A

Anti inflammatory stops the response to the allergen. Reduce immediate and ate phase asthma responses
Reduce bronchial hyperactivity

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10
Q

What do you know about Beclometasone?

A

Preventer of asthma
Corticosteroid
Immunosuppressant and anti inflammatory
Inhaled or given by nasal spray.

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11
Q

What is the purple inhaler?

A

Combination inhaler
Budesonide and formoterol
or
Fluticasone and salmeterol

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12
Q

Side effects of glucocorticosteroids

A 
Oral thrush (candida albicans)
Dysphonia (hoarseness)
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13
Q

What do you know about Prednisolone as an asthma treatment?

A

Treatment for acute asthma attacks.
Corticosteroid
Supresses the activity of the immune system and releases inflammatory mediators to rapidly reduce symptoms.

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14
Q

Side effects of oral corticosteroids

A 
Buffalo hump
Hypertension
Moon face
Muscle wasting
Osteoporosis
Stunted growth
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15
Q

What do you know about Ipratropium?

A

Antimuscarinic bronchodilator.
Blocks M receptors to inhibit bronchoconstriction.
Short acting reliever
Can cause dry mouth, precipitate glaucoma

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16
Q

What do you know about Cromones?

A

Inhibit release of chemicals from inflammatory cells (mast cells) to prevent bronchospasm.
Reduce allergen induced responses and bronchospasm

17
Q

What do you know about Leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Relax airways and prevent inflammation.
Can be used in under 5s
e.g. montelukast

18
Q

What do you know about Theophylline?

A

An Aminophylline
Blocks PDE in the airways causing smooth muscles to relax and bronchodilation.
Orally or IV for severe acute asthma attack
Used with B-agonists and steroids

19
Q

Side effects of Theophylline

A

Increased heart rate
Palpitations
Convulsions
Headache

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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