ASTRINGENTS

Question 1

______ is a chemical compound that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues and precipitate the protein and astringent form protective layer on the surface.

Answer 1

An astringent substance

Question 2

astringents are able to reduce the cell permeability due to what?

Answer 2

due to their protein action

Question 3

______ are usually applied to damaged skin topically or to the mucous membrane of GIT including the mouth.

Answer 3

Astringents

Question 4

___ reduces local edema, exudation, and inflammation.

Answer 4

Astringent

Question 5

Characteristics of an astringent:

Answer 5

• Affect only the superficial layer. Reduce cellular permeability.
• Make the surface mechanically strong, decrease exudation.
• Protect from external irritation.
• Possess local styptic and local antiseptic action.
• May interfere with the function of pain receptors. The pain relieving action is mild.
• Constrict the blood vessels to stop bleeding.

Question 6

Types of Astringents:

Answer 6

• Vegetable astringents
• Metallic Astringents
• Miscellaneous

Question 7

Tannic acid, Gallic acid

Answer 7

Vegetable astringents

Question 8

 Aluminium salts: Alum [KAl(SO4)2•12H2O], Aluminium chloride (AlCl3), Auminium acetate
 Zinc salts: Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)
 Ferric chloride (FeCl3)
 Strontium chloride
 Silver nitrate (AgNO3)
 Copper sulfate (CuSO4)

Answer 8

Metallic Astringents

Question 9

Very cold water, Alcohol

Answer 9

Miscellaneous

Question 10

Indications:

Answer 10

 Swollen, inflamed and/or leaky tissues.
 They are used to treated diarrhea or dysentery.
 During leukorrhea (thick white/yellowish vaginal discharge)
 During minor bleeding like Menorrhagia, Hemorrhoids.
 They promote healing process.
 They decrease sweating and possess deodorant properties.
 Mild astringent solutions are used in the relief of such minor skin irritations as those resulting from
superficial cuts, allergies, insect bites, or fungal infections such as athlete’s foot.

Question 11

Zinc sulfate chemical formula

Answer 11

ZnSO4

Question 12

As a mineral ZnSO4·7H2O is known as ______.

Answer 12

Goslarite

Question 13

zinc sulfate appearance, odor, and taste

Answer 13

white powder or white granular in nature; odorless; astringents and metallic taste

Question 14

When heated over 6800 C, zinc sulfate decomposes into ______ and _______, both which are hazardous.

Answer 14

sulfur dioxide gas and zinc oxide fume

Question 15

how many percent is there zinc sulfate for ophthalmic purposes?

Answer 15

0.25%

Question 16

____ is an inorganic compound and dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat zinc deficiency.

Answer 16

Zinc sulfate

Question 17

___ acts as emetics.

Answer 17

Zinc sulfate

Question 18

Side effects of zinc sulfate:

Answer 18

abdominal pain, vomiting (2-8 mg/Kg of body weight), headache and tiredness.

Question 19

____ are white crystalline double sulfates of univalent and trivalent atoms.

Answer 19

Alum

Question 20

_____ is both a specific chemical compound and a class of chemical compounds.

Answer 20

Alum

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE: In general, alums are easier formed when the alkali metal atom is larger. This rule was first stated by Locke in 1902.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Uses: It is also used in so-called “crystal” deodorants and water purification.

Answer 22

Potassium alum

Question 23

Aluminum potassium sulfate synonym

Answer 23

potash alum

Question 24

Potassium aluminum sulfate synonyms:

Answer 24

alunite and kalinite

Question 25

Uses: Soda alum is used in the acidulent (being sour to the taste) of food as well as in the manufacture of baking powder.

Answer 25

Sodium alum

Question 26

Sodium alum chemical name

Answer 26

Soda alum

Question 27

Soda alum synonym

Answer 27

mendozite

Question 28

Uses: Used in water purification, in vegetable glues, in porcelain cements, in deodorants, in tanning, dyeing and in fireproofing textiles.

Answer 28

Ammonium alum

Question 29

ammonium aluminum sulfate synonym

Answer 29

Tschermigite

Question 30

• Uses: It is a dark violet crystalline and used in tanning.

Answer 30

Chrome alum

Question 31

Chrome alum chemical name

Answer 31

Chromium (III) potassium sulfate

Question 32

Chromium (III) potassium sulfate synonym

Answer 32

Chromium alum

Question 33

Potash alum properties

Answer 33

colorless; transparent; crystalline structure

Question 34

Alum is used as an ______ in many subunit vaccines, such as include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP) in order to augment the body's response to immunogens.

Answer 34

adjuvant

Question 35

______ is an agent that may stimulate the immune system and increase the response to a vaccine. _______ having aluminum have been proven to make some vaccines last for longer period of time and to help generate more antibodies to fight against disease

Answer 35

Adjuvant

Question 36

Alum listed as an ingredient of ______ and pharmaceutical aid..

Answer 36

toothpaste or toothpowder