Astronomy Unit test review

Question 1

Universe

Answer 1

Everything that exists

Question 2

Impact Crater

Answer 2

Depression caused by asteroid or meteorite

Question 3

Umbra

Answer 3

the darkest part of a shadow during an eclipse

Question 4

Revolution

Answer 4

a body orbiting or going around another body

Question 5

Heliocentric

Answer 5

Sun in the center of our solar system

Question 6

Penumbra

Answer 6

Partial shadow during an eclipse; lighter than the umbra

Question 7

Eclipse

Answer 7

One object in space casts a shadow onto another

Question 8

Rotation

Answer 8

Spinning of a body or a planet on it’s axis

Question 9

Light Year

Answer 9

Distance light can travel in one year in space. Used when talking outside of our solar system.

Question 10

Geocentric

Answer 10

Earth being the center of the solar system

Question 11

AU (Astronomical Unit)

Answer 11

the average distance between the earth and the sun. Typically used to talk about the distance between planets.

Question 12

What causes the seasons on earth?

Answer 12

The tilt of the earth on its axis

Question 13

What are the colors of the stars from coolest to hottest

Answer 13

Red, Orange, Yellow, Yellow-white, White, Blue-white, Blue

Question 14

What are the 4 terrestrial planets?

Answer 14

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Question 15

What are the 4 giant gas planets?

Answer 15

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 16

Nebula

Answer 16

cloud of gas and dust that forms into stars

Question 17

apparent magnitude

Answer 17

the brightness of a star when viewed from Earth

Question 18

absolute magnitude

Answer 18

also called luminosity, The actual brightness of a star ( from a standard distance)

Question 19

The cycle of a low-mass star

Answer 19

Nebula- low mass star - Red giant - White dwarf

Question 20

The cycle of a high-mass star

Answer 20

Nebula- high mass star - Super giant - Supernova - Neutron star or black hole

Question 21

What are the conditions for a body to be considered a plant?

Answer 21

1. Body that orbits the sun
2. Round due to own gravity
3. atmosphere cleared of small objects

Question 22

Who proved the idea of the sun being the center of the solar system?

Answer 22

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 23

Where is the Oort Cloud located?

Answer 23

Furthest boundary of solar system, has trillions of objects

Question 24

Where is the Kuiper Belt located?

Answer 24

Located outside the orbit of Neptune with thousands of KBO (objects) near Pluto.

Question 25

Meteoroids

Answer 25

A chunk of rock or dust in space, May originate from comets, small grain to over 119,000 lbs

Question 26

Meteor

Answer 26

A meteoroid that has entered Earth's atmosphere.

Question 27

Meteorite

Answer 27

A meteoroid that has hit earth's surface.

Question 28

dust tail of a comet

Answer 28

Dust and gas that trails behind the comet( from the coma)

Question 29

ion tail of a comet

Answer 29

gas that evaporates from the comet because of the sun

Question 30

Midnight sun

Answer 30

When a region experiences 24 hrs of the sun's light.

Question 31

Polar night

Answer 31

When a region experiences 24 hrs of darkness

Question 32

What is the cause of SAD and how can it be reduced?

Answer 32

-Disorder from Midnight Sun or Polar night Reduce it by: eat healthy, exercise, Use UV lights ( polar nights), heavy blinds at night( midnight sun)

Question 33

Which planet is nicknamed the blue ice planet?

Answer 33

Neptune

Question 34

What is the smallest planet in our solar system?

Answer 34

Mercury

Question 35

Which planet is completely tilted on its side?

Answer 35

Uranus

Question 36

Which planet has sulfuric rain?

Answer 36

Venus

Question 37

What causes high and low tides on earth?

Answer 37

High tides- caused when the moon's gravity pulls on the water/oceans that are closest to it's position Low tide- portion of earth not facing the moon

Question 38

What causes the change of daylight hours in the summer and winter?

Answer 38

- tilt of earth causes the Northern and Southern hemispheres to lean towards the sun - When the Northern hemisphere is leaning towards the sun, it experiences summer(more daylight hrs) , while the Southern hemisphere experiences winter( less daylight hrs) and vice versa

Question 39

Comet

Answer 39

Small body of ice, rock , and dust Location- Orbiting the sun, originates from Kuiper belt or Oort cloud Few meters to miles in diameter

Question 40

Asteroid

Answer 40

the large irregular rocky object -orbits sun Location- Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter .5 to 500 miles in diameter

Question 41

Moon's Phases

Answer 41

new moon, New Crescent, First quarter, Waning Gibbous, Last quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full moon, Old crescent