AT2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define normality
Behaviour and/or traits that are typical or accepted within a society/culture.
Define abnormality
Behaviour and/or traits that are unexpected or unusual and are outside of what is socially or culturally accepted
Define dysfunctional
A state where a persons behaviour, thoughts or emotions stop them from being able to function effectively in daily life
Define disorder
Conditions characterised by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviours
Define Syndrome
A collection of symptoms that appear together and suggest a particular disorder or condition
Define Aetiology
The study of the causes or origins of a mental or psychological disorder or condition
Define prognosis
A prediction about the likely course, duration, severity and outcome of a condition
Define Reliability
The consistency of results/measurments
Define validity
A test or diagnoses measures what it intends to measure
How would u determine whether a behaviour is dysfunctional? Give an example
If it interferes with a persons ability to function in everyday life. For example obsessively checking if doors are locked before leaving house (OCD) can make a person late for things or miss important events.
Describe the concept of statistical normality and provide an example of
Describe the concept of statistical normality and provide an example
How common or rare a behaviour trait is in a general population using statistics- usually a bell curve- to show what is considered average or normal. For example: the average iq is statistically 100 so the statistical normality would fall between 85 and 115. 150 would be considered abnormal, although it isn’t bad.
Define subjective experiences
A persons thoughts, feelings and emotions, the internal experiences a person goes through.
How to subjective experiences impact the determination of abnormal behaviour?
They influence how individuals perceive and react to situations, potentially leading to distress or dysfunction.
What is meant by the violation of social norms in the context of abnormal behaviour
Behaving in a way that goes against the accepted rules, expectations, or values of a society or culture
What do the letters in the ABC of mental disorder stand for? And what does it mean?
A- affective- emotions and feelings
B- behavioural- actions and observable behaviours
C- cognitive- thoughts, beliefs and mental processes
S- somatic- physical of bodily symptoms
Example of each symptom type of the ABCS
Affective- a person with depression might feeling sadness, hopelessness or emptiness.
Behavioural- someone with anxiety might avoid social situations or constantly fidget and pace
Cognitive- a person with OCD might have repetitive thoughts about germs or danger, even when there’s no real threat
Somatic- a person with panic disorder might experience a racing heart, chest pain or dizziness during an episode.
What does ICD and DSM stand for
ICD (international classification of diseases)
DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)
What are some key similarities between the ICD and DSM
Both are used to diagnose mental disorders
Both aim to standardise mental health diagnoses across professionals
Both are regularly updated to reflect to research and understanding
Both use symptom-based criteria
What are some key differences between the ICD and DSM
ICD published by WHO while dsm published by American psychiatric association. ICD covers all diseases physical and mental and dsm focuses only on mental disorders. ICD used world wide DSM mainly in UD. ICD free DSM paid.
What are some ethical issues associated with diagnosing mental disorders?
Misdiagnosis, overdiagnosis, labelling and stigma, lack of consent and cultural insensitivity
Explain how stigma and self-fulfilling prophecy might affect a person diagnosed with a mental disorder
They will start seeing themselves and might start acting according to the label they were given or getting treated negatively or judged due to their label
What is confirmation bias and how might it affect diagnosis?
When a doctor or psychologist looks for evidence that supports their original belief, and ignores or downplays conflicting evidence. A clinician might overfocus on symptoms that match a diagnose they expect, and ignore signs that point to a different or no disorder.
How is the reliability of a mental health diagnosis assessed?
Do different clinicians give the same diagnosis for the same patient? Does the same clinician give the same diagnosis at different times?
