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ATB Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of PCN

A

Natural PCN, Penicillinase-resistant PCN, aminoPCNs, extended spectrum PCN

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2
Q

Natural PCN

A

PCN G, PCN V

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3
Q

Penicillinase-resistant PCN

A

nafcillin

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4
Q

aminoPCN

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin

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5
Q

Extended spectrum PCN

A

piperacillin-tazobactam

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6
Q

MOA PCN

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

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7
Q

What do PCN in general treat?

A

UTI, STI, peritonitis, PNA, sepsis, meningitis

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8
Q

Adverse Reactions PCN

A

urticaria, itching, angioedema

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9
Q

Adverse Reactions PCN

A

urticaria, itching, angioedema

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10
Q

What structure do PCN have?

A

beta lactam structure

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11
Q

What bacteria do PCN work against?

A

gram +

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12
Q

PCN medication interactions

A

NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, warfarin

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13
Q

What route are the natural PCNs given?

A

usually IV or IM (STIs)

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14
Q

Nafcillin indication and route

A

staph infections

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15
Q

Amoxicillin indications and route

A

-infections of ears, nose, throat, GU, GI, esp in peds
-given PO

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16
Q

Ampicillin route

A

IV

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17
Q

Piperacillin indication

A

antipseudomonal

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18
Q

Piperacillin SE

A

-PLT interaction
-caution in renal dysfunction

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19
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

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20
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

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21
Q

cephalosporin SE

A

-abd cramps
-mild diarrhea
-rash
-pruritis
-redness
-edema
-pregnancy cat 2

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22
Q

cephalosporin SE

A

-abd cramps
-mild diarrhea
-rash
-pruritis
-redness
-edema
-pregnancy cat 2

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23
Q

structure of cephalosporins

A

beta lactam structure

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24
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

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25
Cephalexin Route
PO, IV
26
Cefazolin Route
IV only
27
1st Gen Cephalosporin Indications
broadspectrum (+/-) staph nonenterococcal strep sx prophylaxis (cefazolin)
28
Do 1st gen cephalosporins work on the CNS?
NO
29
2nd Gen Cephalosporins
cefuroxime, cefotetan
30
2nd Gen Cephalosporin Indications
gram +, some gram - abd infections (cefuroxime)
31
2nd Gen Cephalosporin Route
IV, PO
32
Do 2nd Gen Cephalosporins work on CNS, pseudomonas?
NO
33
3rd Gen Cephalosporins
ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxine
34
3rd Gen Cephalosporin Indications
gram -, less gram + pseumomonas (ceftazidime)
35
3rd Gen Cephalosporin Routes
IV, IM
36
3 impt things about ceftriaxone
-long acting -crosses BBB -cannot give to liver fx patients
37
4th gen cephalosporin
cefepime
38
Can cefepime cross the BBB?
YES
39
4th gen cephalosporin indications
very broad spectrum skin infections PNA UTIs pseudomonas CNS
40
5th gen cephalosporin
ceftaroline
41
5th gen cephalosporin indications
MRSA MSSA some VRSA/VIS AKA “nasty staph infections”
42
What does ceftaroline treat?
nasty staph infections
43
What route is ceftaroline given?
IV only
44
Carbapenems
imipenem, meropenem
45
carbapenem MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis
46
carbapenem indications
-CNS infections (imipenem)
47
carbapenem SE
-seizures (esp. imipenem) -rash, diarrhea (meropenem)
48
carbapenem structure
beta lactam
49
carbapenem route
IV (infused over 60 minutes)
50
glycopepetide
vancomycin
51
vancomycin MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis
52
vancomycin indications
-gram + bacteria, esp. MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus -c. diff -pseudomembranous colitis
53
Vancomycin adverse effects
-ototox (reversible) -immune mediated thrombocytopenia -nephro toxic (be aware of IV contrast) -watch with neuromuscular blockages -red man syndrome
54
Red Man Syndrome symptoms and nursing actions
itching, rash, tachy, hypotension; half infusion speed and premedicate, slow infusion with next dose
55
Red Man Syndrome symptoms and nursing actions
itching, rash, tachy, hypotension; half infusion speed and premedicate, slow infusion with next dose
56
What organ metabolizes vanc?
kidneys => decrease dose for renal dysfunction
57
How to draw a peak, trough
peak (15-30 min post admin) trough (30 min before next dose)
58
Aminoglycosides
gentamycin, amakacin, tobramycin
59
Aminoglycosides
gentamycin, amakacin, tobramycin
60
aminoglycoside MOA
binds to bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis
61
Aminoglycoside indications
-gram + bacteria -gram - bacteria with another ATB -complicated infections (difficult, recurrent), i.e. pyelonephritis, gynecologic, peritonitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis
62
Aminoglycoside adverse reactions
-nephrotox (usually reversible, monitor creat, BUN) -ototox (may not be reversible)
63
Aminoglycoside adverse reactions
-nephrotox (usually reversible, monitor creat, BUN) -ototox (may not be reversible)
64
Major gentamycin nursing considerations
cannot use with neuromuscular blockade -> myasthenia gravis CNS SE (confusion, depression, numbness, tinging, disorientation) cochlear damage (permanent)
65
Do you need peak and trough for aminoglycosides?
YES
66
Lincosamide
Clindamycin
67
Clindamcyin MOA
binds to ribosomes and inhibits PRO synthesis
68
Clindamycin indications
complicated infections, i.e. chronic bone, intraabdominal, GU, septicemia, propx for endocarditis, serious skin infections, anaeorbic PNA
69
Clindamycin adverse effects
-severe respiratory distress with neuromuscular blockades -pseudomembranous colitis (severe diarrhea, bloody stool, c. diff)
70
Clindamycin route
PO, IV
71
Is peak trough needed with clindamycin?
YES
72
Is clindamycin effective against enterobacter bacteria?
NO
73
Macrolides
erythromycin azithromycin
74
Macrolides MOA
bind to ribosomes and prevent PRO synthesis
75
Macrolide indications
-STI, esp gonorrhea -upper and lower respiratory infections -skin infections -soft tissue infections -LISTERIA -LEGIONNAIRES -MYCOPLASMA PNA
76
What DM dx is erythromycin given for?
gastroparesis
77
Why are macrolides called the “yuck” drugs?
cause GI upset, n/v/d
78
macrolide route
usually PO (mx times/day) IV is very painful
79
Tetracyclines
tetracycline Minocycline Doxycycline
80
Tetracycline MOA
inhibit PRO synthesis by binding to ribosomes
81
tetracycline indications
RICKETTSIA (ROCKY MTN SPOTTED FEVER) chlamydia trichomonas LYME DISEASE CHOLERA PID MYCOPLASMA PNA ACNE
82
Tetracyline ABT Contraindications
pregnancy, breastfeeding, children <8 yr (enamel hypoplasia)
83
Tetracyline class SE
tooth discoloration photosensitivity diarrhea yeast infections thrombocytopenia
84
Minocycline Indications
Neisseria meningtides RA ER for acne (Solodyn)
85
Flouroquinolones
ciprofloxacin levofloxacin
86
fluoroquinolone MOA
alter bacterial DNA enzymes which leads to destruction
87
Cipro Indications
-complicated UTIs -STIs, gonorrhea -upper/lower respiratory. infections -ANTHRAX
88
cipro SE
arthropathy (usually irreversible) => avoid in less than 18 yr, greater than 60 yr
89
Levofloxacin indications
-pneumococcal -atypical respiratory infections
90
Levofloxacin SE
-CNS SE, increase RF seizures -kidney failure -prologned QT interval -photosensitivity
91
Sulfonomides
sulfamexazole-trimethroprim
92
sulfonomides MOA
prevents synthesis of folic acid to inhibit growth
93
sulfamexazole-trimethoprim indications
-uncomplicated UTI -resp infections -SALMONELLA -SHIGELLOSIS
94
Metronidazole MOA
inhibits DNA synthesis
95
metronidazole indications
-amoebiasis -giardiasis -trichomoniasis -intra abdominal infections -H. pylori -crohn’s -c. diff
96
Which ABT creates a toxic metabolite with ETOH?
metronidazole; cannot use ETOH for 24 hr before or 36 hr after
97
metronidazole SE
-n/v -xerostomia -vaginal candidiasis
98
oseltamivir indication
flu a flu b swine flu
99
oseltamivir MOA
inibits neuraminidases in flu virus (prevents replication)
100
oseltamivir SE
-n/v -seizures -renal impairment
101
When does oseltamivir need to be taken
within 48 of symptom onset
102
acyclovir, valcyclovir, famcyclovir MOA and indications
interferes w/ viral nucleic acid synthesis; prevents virus from binding with cells; turns on body’s immune virus given for HSV 1, HSV 2, zoster
103
acyclovir, valcyclovir, famcyclovir SE
-GI distress -renal impairement -seizures -ITP -tissue necrosis if IV not patent
104
ganciclovir MOA
inhibits viral DNA polymerases
105
ganciclovir indication
CMV (immunosuppressed ie HIV, transplant)
106
ganciclovir 4 black box warnings
1) hematologic toxin (low PLT, pancytopenia) 2) fertility impairment 3) fetal toxin 4) carcinogenic?
107
where is ganciclovir metabolized?
kidneys
108
what should you not give ganciclovir with?
imipenem -> can cause seizures
109
ganciclovir route
IV

NUR 326 (2 decks)

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