Athens, Sparta, Trojan War

Question 1

Ancient Athens

Answer 1

12 smaller city-states combine

Question 2

Athens was ruled by

Answer 2

oligarchy: small group of people who control a country

Question 3

Archons

Answer 3

Carry out policies of Aeropagus

Question 4

Areopagus

Answer 4

Legislative and judicial powers with life long terms, rich landowners.

Question 5

Ecclesia

Answer 5

Popular assembly; holds little power

Question 6

who begins Persian conquest

Answer 6

Cyrus

Question 7

When Cyrus dies who takes over?

Answer 7

Darius 1

Question 8

How many square miles did Darius conquere

Answer 8

1 million square miles, he also constructs royal road, 1500 miles

Question 9

What kind of government did they have?

Answer 9

Persians were capable, mild rulers allowing local gov.

Question 10

what did the Ionian rebellion do?

Answer 10

Started the war

Question 11

What happened in the Ionian Rebellion

Answer 11

Persia conquered Greek city-states, and the city-states got mad about taxes and dictators, and revolted.

Question 12

What did Athens do after the revolt?

Answer 12

Sends 20 warships to aide the rebellion

Question 13

What did Eritrea do after the revolt?

Answer 13

Sends 5 warships to aide

Question 14

What did Persia do during the revolt?

Answer 14

Persia wants revenge, and attacks Greece

Question 15

What did Themistocles do?

Answer 15

Convinced Athenians to expand fleet of ships from 70 to 200 ships.

Question 16

Invasion

Answer 16

200,000 soldiers, 1,000 ships were sent by Xerxes

- Every city-state accept Athens and Sparta gives Earth and Water.

Question 17

Battle of Thermopylae

Answer 17

7,000 Greeks, 300 Spartans against whole Persian army.

• Thermopylae pass 50 ft wide.
• Spartans are grooming themselves
• Xerxes sends immortals to fight and almost all die
• 3rd day a Greek shows Persians a secret path to surround Greeks
• Leonidas sends all non-Spartans away
• 700 Thespians refuse to leave, along 300 Spartans
• Spartans fight for honor, Orical of Delphi, the law,
• Persians would either destroy Sparta or kill spartan king

Question 18

Battle of Salamis

Answer 18

• Disagreement between generals
• Themistocles urges Salamis straight
• Narrow 1 mile wide
• Overcome being outnumbered
• Demisticles worried Greek generals will leave without permission so he sends a slave to tell Xerxes he wants to defect
• Xerxes bites, encircles Salamis
• Greeks 370 ships, Persians 600 ships
• 2 Greek advantages- narrowness of straight, strong motivation
• Crowding Persians cannot retreat
• Underwater battering destroys Persian fleets
• Greeks sing 2,000 ships killing 40,000 Persians
• Greeks lose 40 ships, End of major threat

Question 19

Fate of Themistocles

Answer 19

Rivals succeed at having him ostracized

• Charged with treason, plotting against Athens with Persia
• Leaves for Persia
• Artaxerxes(son of Xerxes) gives him 3 cities to rule
• Thrilled to have him on their side even though he defeated Persians

Question 20

Effects of Salamis war

Answer 20

Greek pride and confidence

• Determines outcome of Persian wars, determines outcome of Western civilization= one of history’s most important battles.
• Victory of Democracy over monarchy
• Athens believe democracy, requires much of its citizens, creates great men.

Question 21

Who is the Father of History

Answer 21

Erotocus

Question 22

Dalian League

Answer 22

Confederation of Greek Polesis- city-states

• Goal-prevent Persian invasion
• Located at Delos
• Maintain fleet of 200 ships
• Funded by contributions-mainly Athens

Question 23

Athens under Pericles

Answer 23

Economy thrives

• Rebuilds areas destroyed by Persians
• Establishes direct democracy
• Citizens vote directly on laws
• used a stipend
• Fixed salary allows poor to participate in gov.
• Jury system
• Ostracism

Question 24

What two options do the Athenians have when Persia lands its army on the beaches of Marathon?

Answer 24

1. Hide behind city walls

2. Meet the Persians to flight

Question 25

What plan does Miltiades put forward to defeat the Persians/

Answer 25

To attack the Persians

Question 26

How many soldiers does Athens send to fight the Persians?

Answer 26

10,000

Question 27

What was the problem occurred when the Spartans helped Athens remove Hippias?

Answer 27

The Spartans wouldn't go home, so they attacked Sparta to send them back home

Question 28

What does the offer of Earth and Water from Athens mean to the Persians

Answer 28

It means the Persians own Athens

Question 29

How does Miltiades deal with being incredibly outnumbered

Answer 29

He knew the terrain, so he blocked the mouth of a narrow valley, so they couldn't continue. He then covered the terrain with debri and stopped Calvary

Question 30

Were does Miltiades put the bulk of his soldiers

Answer 30

On the outsides of the valley, their were hardly any soldiers in the center

Question 31

How many Persians died in the Battle of marathon? Athenians?

Answer 31

Persians-6,000 | Athens-192

Question 32

What happens to the runner after he gets to Marathon to declare victory

Answer 32

He dropped dead from a hart attack or stroke after yelling Nike-Victory

Question 33

What must the infantry men do in order to protect Athens from the Persian navy?

Answer 33

March to Athens after the battle

Question 34

The Battle of Marathon

Answer 34

The Persian army landed near Marathon, and the Athenians asked for help from nearby city-states. The Persians outnumbered the Athenians, but the Athenians used hand to hand combat, and Persians retreated to ships.

Question 35

What did Themistocles want Greeks to do after the Battle of Marathon?

Answer 35

He wanted to build a fleet of warships and prepare other defenses

Question 36

The battle of Thermopylae

Answer 36

Spartans guarded Thermopylae small narrow mountain pass. They held out against the Persians, but they were defeated in the end.

Question 37

What happened to Athens after the battle of Thermopylae

Answer 37

The Persians marched south to burn Athens but nobody was in the city, Athens had already fled to safety.

Question 38

Outline the events of the battle of salamis

Answer 38

The Athenians lured the Persian navy into the narrow straight of Salamis and the Athenian ships drove into the Persians, and their fleet sank.

Question 39

What was the Dalian League and who dominated it? how would they obtain cooperation?

Answer 39

For Persia to stay the most powerful city-state it had to make alliances, these alliances were called the Dalian League.

Question 40

Origins of the Trojan war

Answer 40

The main source for the Trojan war is Homers Iliad. This story says there was a 10 yr conflict, that occurred in the 13th century BCE. The Trojan war started as a way for Zeus to reduce the population of humanity. He also wanted to regain Helen his wife.

Question 41

What made the "special heroes" amongst the Greeks so special?

Answer 41

They were the greatest fighters, and displayed the most curage on the battlefield. Had 1 parent who was a god.

Question 42

Why was paris not killed fighting Melos

Answer 42

Paris swayed at the last moment, Aphrodite saved paris by cutting his helmet strap to keep paris from choking.

Question 43

Why was the battle between Ajax and Hecktor a peaceful ending?

Answer 43

Each Greek threw a spear, and rocks, and end up sword fighting. Battle ends with a trading of gifts when it gets dark.