atherosclerosis

Question 1

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 1

an arterial disease characterized by thickening or hardening of the arteries

Question 2

what is the leading cause of heart and stroke

Answer 2

atherosclerosis

Question 3

what is sufficient for the development of artherosclerosis

Answer 3

increased serum cholesterol

Question 4

normal artery wall consist of what

Answer 4

intima
media
adventitia layer

Question 5

the intima consist of

Answer 5

endothetial
subendothelial marix
basement membrane intima

Question 6

facts about the media

Answer 6

middle and thickest
has smooth muscle cells
provides vascular tone

Question 7

facts about the adventitia layer

Answer 7

consist of
collagen fibers
vasovasorums
nerve endings

has sparse cell distribution

Question 8

Some pathophysiology

Answer 8

deposition of lipoproteins
platlet adhesion
lipid accumulation

Question 9

what is the atherommatous plaque

Answer 9

white or yellow lesions that
are elevated from the vessel intima, but may coalesce to form larger
masses

Question 10

what is an ulcerted plaque

Answer 10

take on a red-brown color due to thrombus
accumulating on the plaques

Question 11

what is the most sensitive method to diagnose atheroosclerosis

Answer 11

angiography or Doppler ultrasound

Question 12

if an atherosclerosis involves the carotid artery it can cause what

Answer 12

stroke

Question 13

if it involves the coronary artery it can cause

Answer 13

ischemic heart disease or arrythmia

Question 14

if it involves renal arteries it can cause

Answer 14

kidney disease

Question 15

plaque rupture occurs as what

Answer 15

clinically trigerring of thrombus formation

Question 16

the thrombus plaque cases what

Answer 16

partial or
complete vascular
occlusion and causes
infarction

Question 17

thrombus formation causes what

Answer 17

acute myocardial infraction..in stenosis
stroke…
peripheral vascular disease…in extremity vessels

Question 18

what happens after the theres a damage of the atherosclerotic structure

Answer 18

vessel wall weakens

Question 19

how does aneurysm happen

Answer 19

this happens after the atherosclerotic structure has been damaged the vessel wall in that area weakens

Question 20

treatment

Answer 20

exercise
medication
surgery

Question 21

what is coronary artery disease

Answer 21

a
decrease in blood flow to the heart as a
result of the development of
atherosclerosis in the epicardial arteries.

Question 22

some other ilnesses that can be seen in patients who have CAD

Answer 22

Stable angina or acute coronary syndrome

Question 23

risk factors for CAD

Answer 23

diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
menopose

Question 23

risk factors for CAD

Answer 23

diabetes
obesity
high cholesterol
menopose

Question 24

how is ischemia detected in CAD

Answer 24

repolarization anomalies including st segment depression decreased lvef

Question 25

test for cad

Answer 25

Interventional coronary angiography

Question 26

what revascularization surgey is reomommended n.b this surgery is recomended to those with a failed surgery or angina

Answer 26

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG

Question 27

facts about the percutaneous coronary intervention

Answer 27

its a minimally invasive procedure to improve blood flow includes baloon angioplasty the stents can be drugs or metals

Question 28

what is the most preferred venous graft for the cabg most prefered arterial grafts

Answer 28

saphenous vein internal thoracic arteries and radial arteries

Question 29

the preoperative stay is advised to what kind of pateint

Answer 29

patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cabg surgery

Question 30

what period beings in the coronary care unit after the icu

Answer 30

post operative

Question 31

post opertaive

Answer 31

rest teaching techniques to increase ventilation life style change and medical treatment should be advised here

Question 32

things to do in the phase 11 or outpatient rehabilitation phase

Answer 32

start with evaluation patient does maximal extercise test to determine thier exercise capacity or 6 min walk next the patient is subjected to an exercise based pprograme etc

Question 33

what exercise training can be given to d patients

Answer 33

miet ..moderate intensity exer training..should be given at 50-70perc vo2 max or HIIT..80-100 v02 max LIIT..50-70 v02 max

Question 34

large muscle groups should be started with

Answer 34

50 perc of 1 rm and gradually increases to 70-80 perc