ATI: Chapter 20 - Acute Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

The airway structures permit air to enter and provide for adequate ______ and tissue perfusion. Common acute and chronic disorders affect these airway structures.

Answer 1

oxygenation

Question 2

A nursing priority for clients who have acute respiratory disorders is to maintain a _______ to promote oxygenation.

Answer 2

patent airway

Question 3

Acute respiratory disorders include rhinitis, sinusitis, influenza, and _______.

Answer 3

pneumonia

Question 4

______ is an inflammatory process in the lungs that produces excess fluid. it is triggered by infectious organisms or by the aspiration of an irritant, such as fluid or a foreign object.

Answer 4

Pneumonia

Question 5

The inflammatory process in the lung parenchyma results in ______ and exudate that fills the alveoli.

Answer 5

edema

Question 6

Pneumonia can be a primary disease or a complication of another disease or condition. It affects people of all ages, but young clients, older adult clients, and clients who are _______ are more susceptible.

Answer 6

immunocompromised

Question 7

Immobility is a contributing factor in the development of ______.

Answer 7

pneumonia.

Question 8

There are two types of pneumonia.

Answer 8

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP)

Question 9

______ pneumonia is the most common type and often occurs as a complication of influenza.

Answer 9

community-acquired (CAP)

Question 10

_____ associated pneumonia has a higher mortality rate and is more likely to be resistant to antibiotics.

Answer 10

Heath care (HAP)

Question 11

It usually takes ___ to ___ hours from the time the client is exposed to acquire HAP.

Answer 11

24 to 48

Question 12

Older adult clients are more susceptible to infections and have decreased _______ due to normal lung changes, including decreased lung elasticity and thickening alveoli.

Answer 12

pulmonary reserves

Question 13

Perform ______ to prevent the spread of infection by bacteria and viruses.

Answer 13

hand hygiene

Question 14

Encourage immunizations that prevent ________, especially immunizations for influenza, and pneumonia to younger children and older adults, and people who have chronic illnesses or who are immunocompromised.

Answer 14

respiratory disorders

Question 15

Limit exposure to airborne allergens, which trigger a ________.

Answer 15

hypersensitivity reaction

Question 16

Promote ______ cessation in health promotion to prevent acute respiratory disorders.

Answer 16

smoking

Question 17

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is extremely young or _______.

Answer 17

advanced age

Question 18

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is recent exposure to viral, bacterial, or _____ infections.

Answer 18

influenza

Question 19

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is lack of current _______.

Answer 19

immunization status

Question 20

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is exposure to plant pollen, molds, animal dander, foods, medications, and __________.

Answer 20

environmental contaminants

Question 21

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is _____ smoke.

Answer 21

tobacco

Question 22

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is _____ use.

Answer 22

substance (cocaine, alcohol)

Question 23

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is chronic ______.

Answer 23

lung disease (asthma, emphysema)

Question 24

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is _______ status.

Answer 24

immoncompromised status

Question 25

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is the presence of a ______.

Answer 25

foreign body

Question 26

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders are conditions that increase the risk of ______.

Answer 26

aspiration (dysphagia)

Question 27

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is impaired ability to _______ secretions.

Answer 27

mobilize

decreased LOC, immobility, recent abdominal or thoracic surgery

Question 28

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is inactivity or _____.

Answer 28

immobility

Question 29

A risk factor for acute respiratory disorders is mechanical _____.

Answer 29

ventilation (ventilator-acquired pneumonia)

Question 30

______ is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and often the mucosa in the sinuses that can be caused by infection (viral or bacterial) or allergens.

Answer 30

Rhinnitis

Question 31

The common cold (coryza) is caused by viruses spread from person to person in droplets from sneezing and coughing or ______.

Answer 31

direct contact

Question 32

Rhinitis often coexists with other disorders, such as asthma and ____, and can be acute or chronic, nonallergic or allergic (seasonal or perennial).

Answer 32

allergies

Question 33

The presence of an allergen causes histamine release and other mediators from WBCs in the nasal mucosa. The mediators bind to blood vessel receptors causing ______, which leads to local edema and swelling.

Answer 33

capillary leakage

Question 34

Expected findings of rhinitis include ________, runny nose (rhinorrhea), and nasal congestion.

Answer 34

excessive nasal drainage

Question 35

Expected findings of rhinitis include purulent ______.

Answer 35

nasal discharge

Question 36

Expected findings of rhinitis include _____ and pruritus of the nose, throat, and ears.

Answer 36

sneezing

Question 37

Expected findings of rhinitis include itchy, watery _____.

Answer 37

eyes

Question 38

Expected findings of rhinitis include sore, ______.

Answer 38

dry throat

Question 39

Expected findings of rhinitis include red, inflammed, _______ mucosa.

Answer 39

swollen nasal

Question 40

Expected findings of rhinitis include a _____ fever.

Answer 40

low-grade

Question 41

Expected findings of rhinitis include diagnostic testing can include _______ to identify possible allergens.

Answer 41

allergy tests

Question 42

Encourage rest (_____) and increased fluid intake (at least 2,000 mL/day) with acute respiratory disorders.

Answer 42

8 to 10 hours/day

Question 43

Encourage the use of a home _____ or breathing steamy air after running hot shower water with acute respiratory disorders.

Answer 43

humidifier

Question 44

Promote proper disposal of tissues and use of cough ______ (sneeze or cough into tissue, elbow or shoulder and not the hands) with acute respiratory disorders.

Answer 44

etiquette

Question 45

Antihistamines

Answer 45

brompheniramine/pseudoephedrine

Question 46

Leukotriene inhibitors

Answer 46

montelukast

Question 47

mast cell stabilizers

Answer 47

cromolyn

Question 48

Meds are used to block the release of ______ from WBCs that bind with receptors in nasal tissues, which prevent edema and itching.

Answer 48

chemicals

Question 49

Older adults should be aware of adverse effects such as vertigo, hypertension, and ______.

Answer 49

urinary retention

Question 50

_______, such as phenylephrine, constrict blood vessels and decrease edema.

Answer 50

decongestants

Question 51

Endourage clients to use decongestants as prescribed for ___ to ____ days to avoid rebound nasal congestion.

Answer 51

3 to 4

Question 52

Intranasal glucocorticoid sprays are the most effective for prevention and treatment of seasonal and perennial _____.

Answer 52

v

Question 53

______ are used if fever is present.

Answer 53

antipyretics

Question 54

______ are give if a bacterial infection can be identified.

Answer 54

antibiotics

Question 55

For client education review hand hygiene as a measure to prevent ______.

Answer 55

transmission

Question 56

Complementary therapies such as echinacea, large doeses of vitamin C1 and ____ preparations (lozenges and nasal sprays) can be useful in promoting improved immune response to acute respiratory disorders.

Answer 56

zinc

Question 57

Limiting exposure to others will prevent and reduce _______ of acute respiratory disorders. This is especially important for vulnerable populations such as the very young, older adults, and people who are immunosuppressed.

Answer 57

transmission

Question 58

______ often called rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses, usually that maxillary or frontal sinus.

Answer 58

sinusitis

Question 59

Swelling of the mucosa can block the drainage of secretions, which can cause a ______.

Answer 59

sinus infection

Question 60

Sinusitis often occurs after _____ and can be associated with a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, inhaled air pollutants or cocaine, facial trauma, dental infections, or loss of immune function.

Answer 60

rhinitis

Question 61

The infection is commonly caused by ______, Haemophilus influenzae, diplococcus, and bacteroides.

Answer 61

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 62

Sinusitis’s expected findings include nasal _______.

Answer 62

congestion

Question 63

Sinusitis’s expected findings include facial pressure or pain (worse when head is tilted forward) or ______.

Answer 63

headache

Question 64

Sinusitis’s expected findings include cough or _______ or purulent nasal drainage.

Answer 64

bloody

Question 65

Sinusitis’s expected findings include ____ to palpation of forehead, orbital, and facial areas.

Answer 65

tenderness

Question 66

Sinusitis’s expected findings include _____ fever.

Answer 66

low-grade

Question 67

CT scan or ______ confirm the diagnosis of sinusitis, which is typically based upon findings and physical assessment.

Answer 67

sinus x rays

Question 68

________ cavity lavage or surgery to relive the obstruction and promote drainage of secretions may be done for sinusitis.

Answer 68

Endoscopic sinus

Question 69

Encourage the use of steam humidification, sinus irrigation, saline nasal sprays, and _______ packs to relieve sinus congestion and pain for sinusitis.

Answer 69

hot and wet

Question 70

Teach the client to increase ______ and rest for sinusitis.

Answer 70

fluid intake

Question 71

Discourage air travel , ______, and diving for a pt with sinusitis.

Answer 71

swimming

Question 72

Encourage pt’s with sinusitis to stop ______ use in any form.

Answer 72

tobacco

Question 73

Instruct the client on correct technique for sinus ______ and self-administration of nasal sprays for pts with sinusitis.

Answer 73

irrigation

Question 74

_______ such as phenylephrine, are used to reduce swelling of the mucosa.

Answer 74

nasal decongestants

Question 75

Clients should be encouraged to begin OTC decongestant use at the first manifestation of _______.

Answer 75

sinusitis

Question 76

Signs of rebound nasal congestion may occur if decongestants are used for more than ___ to ___ days.

Answer 76

3 to 4

Question 77

________ antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, are used on a limited basis for a confirmed causative bacterial pathogen.

Answer 77

broad-spectrum

Question 78

_______ medications include NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and aspirin.

Answer 78

pain relief

Question 79

Sinus irrigation and saline nasal sprays are an ______ alternative to antibiotics for relieving nasal congestion.

Answer 79

effective

Question 80

Contact the provider for manifestations of a severe headache, neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity), and ______, which can indicate possible complications of sinusitis.

Answer 80

high fever

Question 81

_____ and encephalitis can occur if pathogens enter the bloodstream from the sinus cavity.

Answer 81

meningitis

Question 82

_____ influenza, or “flu” occurs as an epidemic, usually in the fall and winter months.

Answer 82

seasonal

Question 83

______ is a highly contagious acute viral infection that occurs in children and adult of all ages.

Answer 83

influenza

Question 84

Influenza can be caused by one of several virus families, and this can vary yearly. Adults are contagious from 24 hr before manifestations develop and up to ____ days after they begin.

Answer 84

5

Question 85

______ influenza refers to a viral infection among animals or birds that has mutated and is becoming highly infectious to humans. the resulting viral infection has the potential to spread globally, such as H1N1 (sine flu) and H5N1 (avian flu).

Answer 85

pandemic

Question 86

Expected findings of influenza include severe headache and muscle ____.

Answer 86

aches.

Question 87

Expected findings of influenza include chills, fatigue, and _____.

Answer 87

weakness

Question 88

Expected findings of influenza include severe ______, hypoxia, and cough with the avian flu.

Answer 88

diarrhea

Question 89

Expected findings of influenza include _____.

Answer 89

fever

Question 90

Maintain droplet and contact precautions for hospitalized clients who have ________ influenza.

Answer 90

pandemic

Question 91

Provide saline ______ for patients with influenza.

Answer 91

gargles

Question 92

Monitor ______ status, intake and output to patients with influenza.

Answer 92

hydration

Question 93

Administer fluid _____ as prescribed for flu patients.

Answer 93

therapy

Question 94

Monitor respiratory ______ of influenza patients.

Answer 94

status

Question 95

_______ such as amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin may be prescribed for treatment and prevention of influenza.

Answer 95

antivirals

Question 96

Duration of the influenza infection can be shortened by ______ such as the oral inhalant zanamivir and the oral tablet oseltamivir. In cases of pandemic influenza, these medications may be distributed widely among the populations.

Answer 96

antivirals

Question 97

Encourage clients with ______ to begin antiviral medications within 24 to 48 hour after the onset of manifestations.

Answer 97

influenza

Question 98

______ vaccines are prepared yearly depending upon the suspected strain of influenza expected to appear. They include an IM injection of Fluvirin or Fluzone and a live attenuated influenza vaccine by intranasal spray.

Answer 98

Trivalent

Question 99

Vaccination is encouraged for everyone older than ______ of age for influenza.

Answer 99

6 months

Question 100

Clients who have a history of pneumonia, chronic medical conditions, and those over age 65, pregnant women, and _______ are at higher risk and require influenza vaccination.

Answer 100

health care providers

Question 101

H1N1 vaccines are available for the _______

Answer 101

general populations

Question 102

H5N1 vaccine is stockpiled for distribution if a ______ occurs.

Answer 102

pandemic

Question 103

Respiratory services should be consulted for ______ support for influenza patients.

Answer 103

respiratory

Question 104

Community health officials are notified of influenza _____.

Answer 104

outbreaks

Question 105

State and federal public health officials are consulted for _____ and prevention directives during pandemic influenza.

Answer 105

containment

Question 106

Encourage ____ influenza vaccination when vaccines become available.

Answer 106

annual

Question 107

Reduce the risk for spreading viruses by thoroughly washing hands and following cough ______.

Answer 107

etiquette

Question 108

Flu pts should avoid places where people gather. Avoid close __________ (handshaking, kissing, and hugging).

Answer 108

personal contact

Question 109

If flu manifestations develop, increase fluid intake, _____ and stay home from work or school.

Answer 109

rest

Question 110

Avoid travel to areas where pandemic influenza is ______.

Answer 110

identified.

Question 111

Be aware of public health announcements and activation of the early _______ by public health officials in the case of pandemic influenza.

Answer 111

warning system

Question 112

________ is a complication of influenza and affects older adults and clients who are debilitated or immunocompromised.

Answer 112

pneumonia

Question 113

An expected finding of pneumonia includes anxiety, fatigue, and _______.

Answer 113

weakness.

Question 114

An expected finding of pneumonia includes chest discomfort due to ______.

Answer 114

coughing

Question 115

An expected finding of pneumonia includes _____ from hypoxia is the most common manifestation of pneumonia in older adult clients.

Answer 115

confusion

Question 116

Physical assessment findings of _______ include fever, chills, flushed face, diaphoresis, and SOB/dyspnea.

Answer 116

pneumonia

Question 117

Physical assessment findings of pneumonia include tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain (sharp), sputum production (yellow tinged) and crackles and ______.

Answer 117

wheezes

Question 118

Coughing, dull chest percussion over areas of consolidation, and decreased oxygen saturation levels are expected physical findings of ______.

Answer 118

pneumonia

Question 119

Purulent, blood-tinged or rust colored sputum, may or may not be present with_________.

Answer 119

pneumonia

Question 120

To perform a sputum culture and sensitivity test for pneumonia, obtain specimen before staring _______.

Answer 120

antibiotic therapy.

Question 121

To perform a sputum culture and sensitivity test for pneumonia, obtain specimen by suctioning if the client is unable to ____.

Answer 121

cough

Question 122

Older adult clients have a _______ and decreased muscle strength. Therefore, older adult clients have trouble expectorating, which can lead to difficulty in breathing and make specimen retrieval more difficult.

Answer 122

weak cough reflex

Question 123

CBC lab tests display an elevated _____ count with pneumonia, but might not be present in older clients.

Answer 123

WBC

Question 124

ABGs display ______ with pneumonia.

Answer 124

hypoxemia (decreased PaO2 less than 80 mm Hg)

Question 125

Blood culture is done for pneumonia pts to rule out _______ in the blood.

Answer 125

organisms

Question 126

Serum electrolytes are used to identify the cause of ______ in pneumonia patients.

Answer 126

dehydration

Question 127

A ______ will show consolidation (solidification, density) of lung tissue of pneumonia patients.

Answer 127

chest x ray

Question 128

A chest x ray might not indicate _____ for a few days after manifestations.

Answer 128

pneumonia

Question 129

A chest x ray is an important diagnostic tool because the ealry manifestations of pneumonia are often vague in _______.

Answer 129

older adult clients

Question 130

Clients who have pneumonia usually have oximetry levels less than the expected reference range of ____ to ___.

Answer 130

95% to 100%

Question 131

Position the client with pneumonia to maximize ventilation (________ + 90%) unless contraindicated.

Answer 131

high fowlers

Question 132

Encourage coughing or suction to remove ________ from pneumonia patients.

Answer 132

secretions

Question 133

Administer breathing ______ and meds to pneumonia patients.

Answer 133

treatments

Question 134

For pneumonia patients monitor skin ______ around the nose and mouth from the oxygen device.

Answer 134

breakdown

Question 135

Encourage deep breathing with an incentive spirometer to prevent __________ in pneumonia patients.

Answer 135

alveolar collapse

Question 136

Determine the client’s physical limitations and structure activity to include _________ for pneumonia patients.

Answer 136

periods of rest

Question 137

Promote adequate nutrition and ______ for pneumonia patients.

Answer 137

fluid intake

Question 138

The increased work of breathing requires additional ______.

Answer 138

calories

Question 139

Proper ______ in the prevention of secondary respiratory infections.

Answer 139

nutrition aids

Question 140

Encourage fluid intake to ___ to ____ L/day to promote hydration and thinning of secretions, unless contraindicated due to another condition.

Answer 140

2 to 3

Question 141

Provide rest periods for clients who have _____.

Answer 141

dyspnea

Question 142

______ the client who is experiencing respiratory distress.

Answer 142

Reassure

Question 143

_____ are given to destroy infectious pathogens. Commonly used _____ include penicillins and cephalosporins.

Answer 143

antibiotics

antibiotics

Question 144

Antibiotics are often initially given via ___ and then switched to an oral form as the condition improves.

Answer 144

IV

Question 145

It is important to obtain any culture specimens prior to giving the first dose of antibiotic. Once the specimen has been obtained, the _______ can be given while waiting for the results of the prescribed culture.

Answer 145

antibiotics

Question 146

Observe clients taking cephalosporins (pneumonia pts) for _______.

Answer 146

frequent stools

Question 147

Monitor ____ function, especially in older adults who are taking penicillins and cephalosporins.

Answer 147

kidney

Question 148

Encourage clients to take penicillins and cephalosporins with _____. Some penicillins should be taken ___ hour before meals or ____ hours after.

Answer 148

food
1 hour before
2 hours after

Question 149

______ are given to reduce bronchospasms and reduce irritation.

Answer 149

bronchodialators

Question 150

Short acting beta2 agonists such as ________, provide rapid relief.

Answer 150

albuterol

Question 151

Cholinergic antagonists such as ipratroplum, block the ________ nervous system, allowing for increased bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary secretions.

Answer 151

parasympathetic

Question 152

Methylxanthines, such as theophylline, require close monitoring of ______ levels due to the narrow therapeutic range.

Answer 152

serum medication

Question 153

Monitor serum med levels for _____ for clients taking theophylline. Adverse effects will include tachycardia, nausea, and diarrhea.

Answer 153

toxicity

Question 154

Watch for ______ and tachycardia for clients taking albuterol.

Answer 154

tremors

Question 155

Observe for _______ in clients taking ipratroplum, and monitor HR. Adverse effects can include headache, blurred vision, and palpatations, which can indicate toxicity.

Answer 155

dry mouth

Question 156

Encourage clients to suck on ______ to moisten dry mouth while taking ipratroplum.

Answer 156

hard candies

Question 157

Encourage increased fluid intake unless contraindicated with _______.

Answer 157

bronchodilators

Question 158

Anti-inflammatories decrease airway ______.

Answer 158

inflammation

Question 159

Glucocorticosteroids, such as fluticasone and predisone, are prescribed to reduce inflammation. Monitor for immunosuppression, fluid retention, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and _________.

Answer 159

poor wound healing

Question 160

Montior for decreased ______ function when using anti-inflammatories.

Answer 160

immunity

Question 161

Monitor for ________ when using anti-inflammatories.

Answer 161

hyperglycemia

Question 162

Advise the client to report _________ stool when using anti-inflammatories.

Answer 162

black, tarry

Question 163

Observe for fluid retention and _____, which is common with anti-inflammatories.

Answer 163

weight gain

Question 164

Monitor the throat and mouth for aphthous lesion (__________) when taking anti-inflammatories.

Answer 164

canker sores

Question 165

Encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids to promote ______ when taking anti-inflammatories.

Answer 165

hydration

Question 166

Encrouage the client to take glucocorticosteroids with _______ when taking anti-inflammatories.

Answer 166

food

Question 167

Encourage the client to avoid discontinuing ________ without consulting the provider when taking anti-inflammatories.

Answer 167

glucocorticosteroids

Question 168

_______ services should be consulted for inhalers, breathing treatments,and suctioning for airway management.

Answer 168

respiratory

Question 169

______ services can be contacted for weight loss or gain related to medications or diagnosis (anti-inflammatories)

Answer 169

nutritional

Question 170

_______ care can be consulted if the client has prolonged weakness and needs assistance with increasing level of activity.

Answer 170

rehabilitation

Question 171

Educate the client on the importance of continuing medications for treatment of _______.

Answer 171

pneumonia

Question 172

Encourage rest ______ when needed.

Answer 172

periods

Question 173

Encourage the client to maintain ______ to prevent infections.

Answer 173

hand hygeine

Question 174

Encourage the client to avoid _______ to reduce the risk of infection.

Answer 174

crowded areas

Question 175

Remind the client that treatment and recovery from pneumonia can take ____.

Answer 175

time

Question 176

Encourage immunizations for influenza and _____.

Answer 176

pneumonia

Question 177

Promote smoking _____ if needed.

Answer 177

cessation

Question 178

______ is a complication of pneumonia in which the airway inflammation and edema lead to alveolar collapse and increase the risk of hypoxemia.

Answer 178

atelectasis

Question 179

With atelectasis the client reports ______ and exhibits findings of hypoxemia.

Answer 179

SOB

Question 180

With _______ the has diminished or absent breath sounds over the affected area with pneumonia.

Answer 180

atelectasis

Question 181

A _______ shows an area of density of atelectasis, a complication of pneumonia.

Answer 181

chest x ray

Question 182

______ occurs if pathogens enter the bloodstream from the infection in the lungs.

Answer 182

bacteremia (sepsis)

Question 183

Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs when ______ persists despite oxygen therpay.

Answer 183

hypoxemia

Question 184

Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs when _____ worsens as bilateral pulmonary edema develops that is noncardiac related.

Answer 184

dyspnea

Question 185

Acute respiratory distress syndrome looks like an area of density on a chest x-ray with a ______ appearance.

Answer 185

ground glass

Question 186

Blood gas findings demonstrate high arterial blood levels of ________ even though pulse oximetry shows decreased saturation.

Answer 186

carbon dioxide (hypercarbia)

Question 187

Which of the following clients have an increased risk for developing pneumonia? (Select all that apply)

A. Client who has dysphagia
B. Client who has AIDS
C. Client who was vaccinated for pneumococcus and influenza 6 months ago
D. Client who is postoperative and has received local anesthesia
E. Client who has a closed head injury and is receiving ventilation
F. Client who has myasthenia gravis

Answer 187

A. Client who has dysphagia
B. Client who has AIDS
E. Client who has a closed head injury and is receiving ventilation
F. Client who has myasthenia gravis

Question 188

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who was brought to the clinic by her partner. The partner states that the client woke up this morning, did not recognize him, and did not know where she was. The client reports chills and chest pain that is worse upon inspiration. Which of the following is the priority nursing action?

A. Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation
B. Obtain a sputum culture
C. Obtain a complete history from the client
D. Provide a pneumococcal vaccination

Answer 188

A. Assessment is the first step of the nursing process and is essential to patient centered care

Question 189

A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. Assessment findings include temperature 37.8 (100 F), respirations 30/min, BP 130/76, HR 100/min, and SaO2 91% on room air. Using a scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being the highest priority, prioritize the following nursing intervention:

A. Administer antibiotics as prescribed
B. Administer oxygen therapy
C. Perform a sputum culture
D. Administer an antipyretic medication to promote client comfort

Answer 189

BCAD is the correct order

Question 190

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who has sinusitis. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to identify clinical manifestations of this disorder?

A. Percussion of posterior lobes of lungs
B. Auscultation of the trachea
C. Inspection of the conjunctiva
D. Palpation of the orbital areas

Answer 190

D. Palpation of the orbital, frontal, and facial areas will elicit a report of tenderness, which is a clinical manifestation in a client who has sinusitis

Question 191

A nurse is teaching a group of clients about influenza. Which of the following statements by a client requires clarification?

A. I should wash my hands after blowing my nose to prevent spreading the virus
B. I need to avoid drinking fluids if I develop symptoms
C. I need a flu shot every year because of the different flu strains
D. I should sneeze into my elbow rather than my hands

Answer 191

B. Fluid intake should be increased if findings develop to maintain hydration and effectiveness of expectoration of mucous