ATI Chapter 3

Question 1

3 part of the epidemiology triangle

Answer 1

Host
Agent
Environment

Question 2

The physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes the disease

Answer 2

Agent

Question 3

The living being that an agent or the environment influences

Answer 3

The host

Question 4

The setting or surroundings that sustains the host

Answer 4

environment

Question 5

Type of agents

Answer 5

Chemical(dug toxin), physical (noise, temp), or infectious ( virus bacteria)

Question 6

Social environment bs physical environment

Answer 6

Social: access to health care, high risk working conditions, poverty
Physical: geography, water or food supply, presence of reservoirs or vectors

Question 7

Incidence vs prevalence

Answer 7

Incidence - number of NEW cases in the population at a specific time
Prevalence- number of EXISTING cases in a population at a specific time

Question 8

Equations for prevelance and incidence

Answer 8

cases / population total x 1000 =______ 1000

Question 9

Crude Mortality rate =

Answer 9

Overall death rates

Question 10

Deaths from a a specific cause =

Answer 10

Cause specific rate, case fatality rate

Question 11

Deaths at a specific time across lifespan =

Answer 11

Infant mortality rate or age specific rate

Question 12

Condition corría when rate of disease exceeds the usual level of condition in a defined population

Answer 12

Epidemic

Question 13

Normal rate of condition occurrence in population

Answer 13

Endemic

Question 14

Condition occurs when an epidemic occurs in multiple countrified or continents

Answer 14

Pandemic

Question 15

of people exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease divided by the total number of people exposed

Answer 15

attack rate

Question 16

what is the communicability of a disease?

Answer 16

how easily an organism is able to cause disease

also called virulence

Question 17

steps in the chain of infection

Answer 17

causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

Question 18

what is vertical transmission of a disease?

Answer 18

parent to offspring

–> sperm, placenta, vaginal contact during birth, human milk

Question 19

what is horizontal transmission of a disease?

Answer 19

general person to person interaction (not parent to child)

–> person/ object comes into contact with infected things via contact, air, droplets, food, water, mosquito, snail

Question 20

Is zika vertical or horizontal transmission?

Answer 20

vertical and horizontal!! trick question

Question 21

modes of transmission: particles transmitted by AIR to susceptible host =

Answer 21

airborne

Question 22

precautions: measles

Answer 22

aireborne

Question 23

precaution: impetigo

Answer 23

contact

Question 24

precaution: chickenpox

Answer 24

airborne

Question 25

precaution: enterobiasis (pinworm)

Answer 25

contact

Question 26

precaution: tuberculosis

Answer 26

airborne

Question 27

precaution: infectious mononucleosis

Answer 27

contact

Question 28

precaution: pertussis

Answer 28

droplet

Question 29

precaution: STI

Answer 29

contact

Question 30

precaution: influenza

Answer 30

droplet

Question 31

precaution: SARS

Answer 31

droplet

Question 32

precaution: lice, scabies:

Answer 32

contact

Question 33

how are cholera, bacillary dystentary, giardia lambilia, typhoid fever spread?

Answer 33

water contamination

Question 34

How are these spread: | lyme disease, west nile, rocky mountain spotted fever, malaria

Answer 34

vector

Question 35

foodborne infection vs intoxication + exmples

Answer 35

``` infection = bacteria, virus parasite in food : norovirus, salmonella, hep A, trichinosis, E. coli intoxication = toxins produced through bacterial growth, chemical contamination: staph aureus, C dif ```

Question 36

type of immunity: protection due to immunity of most community members making exposure unlikely

Answer 36

herd immunity

Question 37

type of immunity: natural defense mechanisms of the body to resist specific antigens or toxins =

Answer 37

natural immunity

Question 38

type of immunity: develops through actual exposure to infectious agents =

Answer 38

acquired immunity

Question 39

type of immunity: transfer of antibodies to through placenta or transfusion of immunoglobulins/proteins

Answer 39

passive immunity

Question 40

_____ _____ is used to investigate disease patterns based on who/when/where/why/how

Answer 40

descriptive epidemiology

Question 41

Evaluating the efficiency of communicable disease management programs falls under which 3 of the public health nurse objectives

Answer 41

assurance

Question 42

_______ ______ ______ is the systematic collection and analysis of data regarding infectious diseases

Answer 42

communicable disease surveillance

Question 43

re health care goals: see increase in # of people surviving more than ____ years after HIV diagnosis

Answer 43

3 years

Question 44

re health care goals: see increase in # of testing for _____ in adults who have TB

Answer 44

HIV

Question 45

re health care goals: see increase in # of sexually active persons who use _____

Answer 45

condoms

Question 46

re health care goals: see increase in # of people who have been tested for HIV in the past ______

Answer 46

year

Question 47

immunization goals:

Answer 47

- increase in adults vaccinated for shingles, pneumonia, flu, - increase in vaccination preventable for diseases

Question 48

what role does nurse play in immunizations for the community?

Answer 48

education about importance, track # immunizations , up to date on vaccine admin precautions

Question 49

primary prevention re: commubicable

Answer 49

- educate about need for vaccinations - counsel people traveling to get vaccines/ foreign diseases - education on risk factors or prevention measures like hand hygeine and food handling

Question 50

secondary prevention re: infectious diseases

Answer 50

- provide post exposure prophylaxsis (rabies/ Hep a) - quarantine when necessary - increase detection through screening - refer suspected cases for diagnosis and epidemiological reporting

Question 51

tertiary prevention re: communicable diseases

Answer 51

- decrease complications from disease w/ rehab - monitor for compliance include DOT (directly observed therapy) - link clients to resources

Question 52

2 goals hoping to increase for TB patients

Answer 52

- increase # people completing medication treatment | - increase # people being tested for HIV who have TB