ATI Quiz 2 Flashcards by Lauren Gilmore

use of precise practices to REDUCE the number, growth, and spread of micro-organisms (clean technique)

medical asepsis

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the absence of illness- producing micro-organisms

asepsis

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use of precise practices to ELIMINATE all micro-organisms from and abject or area and prevent contamination (sterile technique)

surgical asepsis

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what kind of allergy must be check for before beginning a procedure that requires aseptic technique

latex

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3 essential components of handwashing

soap
running water
friction

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when should hand hygiene be performed

before and after client contact
before and after gloves
before and after eating
between certain tasks on the same patient to prevent cross-contamination of different body sites
after using the restroom
if hands are visibly soiled

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how long should you wash your hands for? (normal & visibly soiled)

15 seconds

up to 2 minutes if visibly soiled

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what are some examples of PPE

masks
gloves
gowns
protective eyewear

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factors affecting clients’ ability to protect themselves

age
mobility
cognitive and sensory awareness
emotional state
ability to communicate
lifestyle and safety awareness

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people who are at increased risk for falls

older adults
decreased vision
general weakness
urinary frequency
balance problems
cognitive dysfunction

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some examples of measure to prevent falls

call light
wristbands
regular toileting
orienting 
frequently used items within reach for the patient
bed in low position
bed rails up (half)
use sensors
educate patient and family

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sudden urge of electrical activity in the brain due to epilepsy, fever, or a variety of medical conditions

seizure

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seizure precautions:

rescue equipment at bedside (oxygen, oral airway, suction, padding)
remove unnecessary items from room
assist with ambulation and transferring

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what to do during seizure

stay with patient 
call for help
check clock and keep time
do not restrain
lower bed
protect head
remove nearby furniture
put patient on side with head flexed forward if possible
loosen clothing
note duration and type of movement

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nursing responsibilities with a patients in restraints

assess skin every 2 hours
offer food and fluid
provide means for hygiene and elimination
monitor vitals
offer range of motion for extremities
explain need to patient and family

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when can a nurse apply restraints without a presciption?

in an emergency, and the prescription and provider assessment must occur within the hour

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what does the fire safety acronym RACE stand for?

rescue (those in close proximity)
alarm
contain (close doors and windows around fire)
extinguish (if possible)

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three classes (ABC) of fire extinguishers

A- for paper, wood, upholstery, rags, other trash fires
B- for flammable liquids and gas fires
C- for electrical fires

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what does the acronym PASS stand for when using a fire extinguisher?

P-pull pin
A- aim at base of fire
S- squeeze lever
S- sweep extinguisher from side to side

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what are some in home risks for infants and toddlers

aspiration
suffocation
drowning
poisoning
falls
motor vehicle injury
burns

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what are some home risks of pre-schoolers and school-aged children?

drowning (teach to swim)
motor vehicle injury (sitting in back seat) 
firearms (keep unloaded and locked up)
play injury 
burns (kitchen...)
poison (drugs, alcohol)

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what are some home risks for adolescents

motor vehicle injury (seat belts, driving)
burns (sunbathing)
general accidental injuries
self harm

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home modifications to reduce fall risks and increase home safety

removing items that would cause tripping
providing balance aids
maintain steps and sidewalks
grab bars near toilet and tub
non-slip mat in tub
shower chair and bedside commode if needed
adequate lighting

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unintentional inhalation of tobacco smoke

passive smoking (second-hand smoke)

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gas that binds with hemoglobin and reduces oxygen supply to the body

carbon monoxide

rapid assessment of life threatening conditions (no longer then 60 secs) that is completed systematically using standard precautions (ABCDE)

``` Airway/ Cervical Spine Breathing Circualtion Disability Exposure ```

combination of basic interventions deigned to sustain oxygen and circulation to vital organs until more advanced interventions can be initiated. made up of chest compressions and ventilations

CPR

the CABs of CPR

Chest Compressions Airway Breathing

factors or qualities in an objects design that contribute to comfort, safety, effciency, and ease of use

ergonomics

proper use of muscles to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment when performing a physical task

body mechanics

quantity of matter acted on by the force of gravity

weight

the center of a mass

center of gravity

patient lies supine with bed at 30 degrees with knees bent at about 15 degrees

semi- fowlers

patient lies supine with bed at 45 degrees and knees bent at about 15 degrees

Fowler's position

patients lies supine with bed at 90 degrees

High-Fowler's position

patients lies on back with head and shoulders elevated on pillow, arms at side and foot support to maintain proper alignment

supine

patient lies flat on abdomen with head to one side

prone

patient lies on side with most of weight on hip and shoulder, with arms flexed to front and pillows supporting head, neck, upper arm, leg and thigh

Lateral (side-lying)

patient lies on side halfway between prone and lateral positions with lower arm behind them and upper arm in front.

Sim's position

patient lies on bed leaning forward laying head and resting arms on pillow on the bedside table

orthopneic position

entire bed tilted with head of bed lower than foot

trendelenburg position

entire bed tilted with head of bed higher than foot

reverse trendelenburg

patients remains flat with legs elevated above heart level

modified trendelenburg

personal hygiene for most patients includes:

``` bathing oral care nail and foot care perineal care hair care shaving ```

freedom and independence in purposeful movement

mobility

inability to move freely and independently at will

immobility

4 types of immobility

temporary (post-op) permanent (parapalegia) sudden onset (broken limb in an accident) slow onset (MS)

mobility/immobility assessment focuses on:

``` mobility range of motion (ROM) gait exercise status activity tolerance body alignment while standing, sitting and lying ```

what things would you look for when assessing skin after heat or cold application?

``` redness pain or burning numbness shivering blisters decreased sensation cyanosis ```

hose that help maintain external pressure on muscles to promote blood return and decrease risk of blood clots

elastic stockings or thromboembolic device (TED)

sleeves that go hook around legs and inflate and deflate to promote venous return and decrease risk for blood clots

sequential compression device or intermittent pneumatic compression

inflammation of a vein that results in a clot formation

thrombophlebitis

potentially life threatening occlusion of blood flow to one or more of the pulmonary arteries by a clot, which often originates in the lower extremities.

pulmonary embolism

a legal record of care

chart / medical record

fully compliant documentation in includes information that is? (4 points)

- factual - accurate and concise - complete and current - organized

start EVERY entry with the ___ & ___

date & time

what occurs when the presence of a pathogen leads to a chain of events?

infection

micro-organisms or microbes that cause infection

pathogens

5 examples of a pathogen

``` bacteria viruses fungi prions parasites ```

ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host

virulence

native immunity that restricts entry or immediately responds to a foreign organism through the activation of phagocytic cells, complement, and inflammation

nonspecific innate

body's first line of defense

intact skin

immunity that allows the body to make antibodies in response to a foreign organism

specific adaptive immunity

4 modes of infection transportation

contact droplet airborne vector

4 stages of an infection

incubation prodromal illness convalescence

interval of infection where symptoms specific to the infection occur

illness stage

interval between the pathogen entering the body and the presentation of the first symptom

incubation

interval from onset of general symptoms to more distinct symptoms, when the pathogen is multiplying

prodromal stage

interval when acute symptoms disappear

convalescense

infections that a client acquires while receiving care in a health care setting

Health-Care Associated Infections (HAIs)

most common site of HAIs

urinary tract

written summary of impressions of overall health

general survey

measurements of the body's most basic functions

vitals signs

what do vital signs include

``` blood pressure pulse temperature respirations (sometimes pain and oxygen saturation) ```

reflects the balance between the heat that the body produces and loses

temperature

measurement of the heart rate and rhythm

pulse

body's mechanism for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, recorded as breaths per minute

reespiration

reflects the force that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries during contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole)

blood pressure

represents maximum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries

systolic pressure

represents the minimum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries

diastolic pressure

average body temperature

98.6

acceptable temperature range

96.8 to 100.4 (36 to 38 C)

body's temperature response to infectious and inflammatory processes

fever

techniques for taking temperature

``` oral rectal axillary tympanic temporal ```

abnormally elevated body temperature

hyperthermia

abnormally low temperature

hypothermia

number of times in a minute that you hear or feel the pulse

pulse rate

regularity of impulses

rhythm

reflects the volume of blood that is ejected against the arterial wall with each heart contraction

pulse strength

pulse rate that is faster than normals

tachycardia

pulse rate that is slower than normal

bradycardia

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

ventilation

expected range of respirations for adults

12 to 20

regular breathing rhythm is called

eupnea

noninvasive indirect measurement of the oxygen saturation of the blood

pulse oximetry

normal blood pressure

<80

abnormally high blood pressure

hypertension

abnormally low blood pressure

hypotension

pattern of sleeping and awakening

Circadian rhythm

ATI Quiz 2 Flashcards

(99 cards)