ATI section 7: Medications for the Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Antacids
- Aluminum hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide (MOM), sodium bicarbonate
-Therapeutic use:
Peptic Ulcer Disease
GERD
-Nursing Interventions and Client Education
Do not administer to clients who have GI perforation or obstruction
Other meds should be taken 1 hr before or after
Require repeated doses up to 7x
Aluminum hydroxide
Side/Adverse effects
- Constipation
- Hypophasphatemia
Magneium hydroxide (MOM) Side/Adverse effects
- Diarrhea
- Renal Impairment
- Hypermagnesemia
Sodium Bicarb
Side/Adverse effects
-Constipation
Antisecretory/Blocking Agents
Therapeutic effect:
- Gastric and peptic ulcers
- GERD
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Proton Pump Inhibitors
-Suffix: prazole
Precautions/Interactions:
- Omeprazole promotes increased risk of infection and Digoxin levels may be increased
- Long-term therapy has increased risk of gastric cancer and osteoporosis
Side/Adverse effects:
-Can increase the risk of fractures, pneumonia, and acid rebound
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
-Do not crush, chew, or break
Histamine2 receptor antagonists
-Suffix: tidine
Precautions/Interactions:
- May cause toxicity for clients taking phenytoin, warfarin, theophylline, and lidocaine
- Cimetidine increased risk for infection
Side/Adverse effects:
- Decreased libido/impotence
- Lethargy, depression, confusion
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Rantidine can be taken with or without food
- Modify diet as prescribed
Mucosal Protectants
-Surcralfate
Therapeutic Use:
- Gastric and duodenal ulcers
- GERD
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before meals
- Do not administer within 30 min of antacids
Antiemetics
-Promethazine (Phenergan), Metoclopramide (Reglan), Ondansetron (Zofran), Scopolamine
Therapeutic Use:
- Postoperative
- Chemo
- N/V associated with the disease process
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Drowsiness
- Anticholinergic effects
- EPSs
- Proentiates effects when given narcotics
Nursing Interventions:
- Monitor vitals
- IM large muscle
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Drowsiness
- Anticholinergic effects
- Restlessness
- EPS
- Tardive dyskinesia
Nursing Intervention:
- Instruct client about rapid GI emptying
- Discontinue with signs of EPSs
Ondanstetron (Zofran)
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Headache
- EPSs
Nursing Intervention:
–Administer 30 min prior to chemo and 1-2 hr before radiation
Scopolamine
Side/Adverse effects
Nursing Interventions
Side/Adverse effects:
- Blurred vision
- Sedation
- Anticholinergic effects
Nursing Interventions:
- Do not use with angle-closure glaucoma
- Apply transdermal patches behind ear
- Use lubricating eye drops
Antidiarrheals
-Diphenoxylate plus atropine (Lomotil), Loperamide (Imodium)
Precautions/Interventions:
- Increased risk of mega colon for clients who have IBS
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Monitor F&E
- Avoid caffeine intake
Stool Softeners/Laxatives
-Psyllium (Metamucil), Docusate sodium (Colace), Biscodyl (Dulcolax), Magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
Nursing Interventions and Client Education:
- Contraindicated with fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, and acute surgical abdomen
- Encourage exercise
- Monitor for chronic laxative use/abuse
- Provide adequate fluid intake
