Atmosphere

Question 1

5 Layers of the Atmosphere (inner to outer)

Answer 1

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

Question 2

Composition of Air

Answer 2

78% N2
21% O2
1% Ar, CO2, H2O, others

Question 3

contaminaiton of atmosphere by wastes from different sources

Answer 3

air pollution

Question 4

earlies record of air pollution

Answer 4

Ancient Rome

Question 5

Types of air pollutants

Answer 5

primary and secondary

Question 6

what type of pollutants are these:
PM
SOx
NOx
COx
VOCs

Answer 6

primary pollutants

Question 7

examples of secondary pollutants

Answer 7

ammonium sulfate
H2SO4
ammonium nitrate 
nitric acid
O3

Question 8

sources of air pollution

Answer 8

area
mobile
stationary

Question 9

What is the biggest source of CO

Answer 9

transportation

Question 10

what is the biggest source of SO2

Answer 10

electricity

Question 11

what is the greatest source of NO2

Answer 11

transportation

Question 12

unsa na PM ang dust

Answer 12

PM 10

PM 2.5 ang soot
PM 50-70 hair
PM 90 sand

Question 13

airborne/suspended liquid and solid particles

Answer 13

particulates

Question 14

natural soures of particulates

Answer 14

volcanic eruptions and large forest fires

Question 15

man-made sources of particulates

Answer 15

burning fossil fuels, forest fires, industrial emissions, chemical rxns, incinerators

Question 16

health effects of particulates

Answer 16

blocks air passages in lungs
poisonous
produces secondary pollutants
reduces visibility

Question 17

2 types of smog

Answer 17

photochemical

industrial

Question 18

How is photochemical smog produced

Answer 18

NO and VOCs interact with UV, O2, H2O(g) to form hazy clouds of secondary pollutants

Question 19

chemical reaction of production of NO during fuel combustion

Answer 19

N2(g) + O2(g) -> 2 NO(g)

Question 20

chemical reaction for the production of nitric acid

Answer 20

2 NO2 + H2O -> HNO2 + HNO3

Question 21

Reaction of NO2 to form ozone

Answer 21

NO.2 + H2O -> (UV-A) NO. + O

O + O2 -> O3

Question 22

the smog produced from oil or coal combustion

Answer 22

industrial smog

Question 23

chemical reaction for formation of sulfuric acid from SO2

Answer 23

2 SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3

SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4

Question 24

What indoor pollutants are present in house cleaners

Answer 24

bleach, NAOH, HCl

Question 25

where does NOx come from (indoors)

Answer 25

unvented gas stove

Question 26

what indoor pollutants come from dirty airconditioner/heater ducts

Answer 26

fungi and bacteria

Question 27

Where does CO come from (indoors)

Answer 27

faulty furnace/ car exhaust

Question 28

what air pollutant is produced by paint thinners

Answer 28

methylene chloride

Question 29

radioactive pollutant from rocks under the house

Answer 29

Ra-222

Question 30

where foes formaldehyde come from (indoors)

Answer 30

furniture, carpeting, foam insultion

Question 31

air pollutant produced by mothballs and air fresheners

Answer 31

paradichlorobenzene

Question 32

where does tetrachloroethylene come from

Answer 32

dry-cleaning fluid

Question 33

T/F: pollutant concentrations are typically larger outside than inside the household

Answer 33

F

Question 34

What ar ethe global effects of air pollution

Answer 34

acid precipitation ozone depletion global warming

Question 35

T/F normal precipitation is neutral

Answer 35

F, because of CO2 forming carbonic acid with water

Question 36

pH range of acid rain

Answer 36

3.5-6.0

Question 37

Effects of acid rain

Answer 37

increases acidity of lakes, destroys aquatic life leeches nutrients from soils readily dissolves toxic metals in soils increases rate of corrosion of stuff

Question 38

chemical reaction for corrosion of calcium carbonate by acid rain

Answer 38

CaCO3 + H2SO4 -> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

Question 39

chemical rxn for corrosion of iron by acid rain

Answer 39

Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

Question 40

it is the sudden runoff of large amounts of highly acidic water into lakes and streams when snow melts in the spring or when heavy rains follow a drought

Answer 40

acid shock

Question 41

when was tha hole in the ozone layer discovered

Answer 41

early 1980s

Question 42

elements responsible for destroying O3

Answer 42

Cl and F

Question 43

long cylinders of ice that are drilled and removed from deep within a polar ice sheet

Answer 43

ice cores

Question 44

natural air pollution controls

Answer 44

precipitation | removal of CO2 by biological activity and the cold oceans

Question 45

Pollution prevention and control devices

Answer 45

dust collector/baghouse spray tower scrubber discharged electrodes

Question 46

gas coming out of chimneys after combustion

Answer 46

fuel gases

Question 47

how to remove SOx from fuel gases

Answer 47

fuel substitution desulfurization removal during combustion wet flue gas desulfurization

Question 48

concept of wet flue gas desulfurization

Answer 48

the glue combustion gas reacts with limestonr, MhOH, or others to form a reusable or throwaway product

Question 49

chemical reaction for limestone slurry in capturing SO2

Answer 49

CaCO3 + SO2 -> CaSO3 + CO2 CaSO3 + 1/2 O2 + H2O -> CaSO4-H2O

Question 50

Chemical reaction for MgOH slurry in capturing SO2

Answer 50

Mg(OH2) slurry + SO2 -> MgSO3 + H2O MgSO3 + 1/2 O2 -> MgSO4

Question 51

how to remove NOx from fuel gases

Answer 51

fuel modification, low N combustion modification removal of NOx in flue gas (flue gas deNOx-ization lol)

Question 52

Chemical rxn for flue gas de-NOx-ization

Answer 52

4 NO + 4 NH3 + O2 -> 4 N2 + 6 H2O 6 NO2 + 8 NH3 -> 7 N2 + 12 H2O catalyzed by Titanium and Silicon