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Chemistry > Atmosphere and Oxygen > Flashcards

Atmosphere and Oxygen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main gases in our atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon

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2
Q

What are the percentages of the four main gases in our atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
Carbon Dioxide: 0.04%
Argon: 0.9%

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3
Q

Explain four ways that the levels of CO2 have decreased in the atmosphere?

A
  1. Trapped in fossil fuels
  2. A reactant of photosynthesis
  3. CO2 dissolved in the oceans
  4. Skeletons and shells that contain CO2 build up in a layer of fine sediment
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4
Q

Explain why levels of water decreased in the atmosphere

A

Temperature of the earth decreased. Water vapoured condensed and rained down to form oceans

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5
Q

Explain why levels of nitrogen increased in the atmosphere

A

When ammonia reacts with oxygen, a product is nitrogen. Nitrogen is a very stable element so built up in the atmosphere

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6
Q

Explain why levels of oxygen increased in the atmosphere

A

Oxygen was a waste product of photosynthesis in early evolved organisms

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7
Q

Describe the experiment of Copper in Gas Syringes to determine the level of oxygen in the atmosphere

A

Powdered copper is weighed then put in a tube. Air in syringes pass over the copper whilst it’s heated. The mass of the copper is weighed once the volume of gas in the syringes has stopped decreasing. The copper has gained oxygen reacting to form Copper Oxide

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8
Q

Describe the experiment of Red Phosphorus to determine the level of oxygen in the atmosphere

A

Phosphorus is placed in an evaporating basin in water in a bell jar. The phosphorus is lit and the lid is placed on the bell jar. Smoke forms in the bell jar. The water level rises by roughly 1/5 (20%) because the oxygen reacts with the phosphorus, using up the oxygen in the bell jar. It rises by 20% because oxygen makes up about 20% of the atmosphere

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9
Q

Describe the process of fractional distillation

A

Liquified air is passed into the bottom of the fractionating column. The column is warmer at the top and colder at the bottom. Liquid nitrogen boils at the bottom and gaseous nitrogen rises to the top where it is piped off and stored. Liquid oxygen is collected at the bottom and piped out. (May also be used to separate argon from the oxygen as they have a similar boiling point)

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10
Q

Recall one use of the following gases: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton

A

Oxygen: Used in respiration
Nitrogen: Used in stainless steel manufacturing
Carbon Dioxide: Used in photosynthesis
Helium: Used in balloons
Neon: Traffic lights
Argon: Used in construction of lightbulbs
Krypton: Used in lighting and photography

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11
Q

Is oxygen a reactive or non-reactive gas?

A

Reactive

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12
Q

When an element reacts with oxygen, what does it form?

A

Oxides

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13
Q

Write word equations for the reactions of elements with oxygen

A

Iron + Oxygen —> Iron Oxide

Carbon + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide

Sodium + Oxygen —> Sodium Oxide

Magnesium + Oxygen —> Magnesium Oxide

Sulphur + Oxygen —> Sulphurous Oxide

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14
Q

Are metal oxides acidic or basic?

A

Basic

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15
Q

Are non-metal oxides acidic or basic?

A

Acidic

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16
Q

Describe the reactions of iron with oxygen

A

Sparks, Universal Indicator turns blue

17
Q

What are the three components of the fire triangle?

A

Heat, Fuel, Oxygen

18
Q

What are the methods for putting out flammable solid fires?

A

Water, Foam, Dry Powder

19
Q

Write word equations for complete combustion of fuels (e.g. Methane)

A

Fuel (E.g. Methane) + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water

20
Q

Write word equations for incomplete combustion of fuels (e.g. Methane)

A

Fuel (E.g. Methane) + Oxygen —> Carbon Monoxide (or Carbon/Soot) + Water

21
Q

What are the two tests for water?

A

Cobalt chloride paper turns from blue to pink
Anhydrous copper (III) sulfate turns from white to blue

22
Q

State the test for Carbon Dioxide

A

Turns limewater cloudy/milky/chalky

23
Q

What are the methods for putting out flammable liquid fires?

A

Foam, Dry Powder, Carbon Dioxide

24
Q

What is the method for putting out flammable gas fires?

A

Dry Powder

25
Q

What are the methods for putting out Electrical Equipment fires?

A

Dry Powder, Carbon Dioxide

26
Q

What are the methods for putting out Cooking Oils & Fats fires?

A

Foam, Carbon Dioxide

27
Q

Describe the reactions of Carbon with oxygen

A

Carbon: Burns and forms a colourless gas, Universal Indicator turns red

28
Q

Describe the reactions of Sodium with oxygen

A

Burns with a bright yellow flame, Universal Indicator turns blue

29
Q

Describe the reactions of Magnesium with oxygen

A

Burns with a bright white light, Universal indicator turns blue

30
Q

Describe the reactions of Sulfur with oxygen

A

Sulfur: Neon yellow powder turns to a golden liquid, small light blue flame, UI turns pinky-red

Chemistry (5 decks)

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