atmosphere and soil ecology

Question 1

orographic

Answer 1

of or relating to mountains;especially associated with or induced by the presence of mountains

Question 2

greenhouse gases

Answer 2

water vapor (H2O) carbon dioxide CO2, methane CH4 nitrous oxide N2O-fermintation, OZONE, chloroflurocarbons image: guy driving car on cold day, breathing out, farting, banana ferminting, fertialzer back, and spray self with aerosale (chloroflourocarbons).

Question 3

How do scientists tell the difference between them?

Answer 3

They can look at the soil’s physical characteristics such as pH, color, particle size, permeability and water-holding capacity

Question 4

natural greenhouse effect

Answer 4

natural warming effect of troposphere. Natural effect that releases heat in atomposhere near earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases (above + ozone) and other gases in lowere atmopshere (troposphere) absor some of infared radiation heat radiated by earths surface. Molecules vibrate and transform absorbed energy into longer wavelenght infared radiation in troposphere. IF atomosphere concentrations of green house gases increase and other natural processes do not remove the, AVG TEMP of lower atmosphere will increase (compare to global warming: warming of earths lower atmosphere (troposphere) b/c increase in concentrations of one or more greenhouse gases. Can result in climate change that last for decades to thousands of years.

Question 5

light spectrum

Answer 5

(low) radio infared normal or visable light ultraviolet XRAY Gamma Cosmic Ray

Question 6

weather

Answer 6

Weather is the current state of the atmosphere and is determined by factors like temperature, pressure and humidity.

Question 7

Erosion

Answer 7

the wearing down of soil by wind, water, heating and freezing

Question 8

soil

Answer 8

The top layer of the earth’s surface in which plants can grow, consisting of minerals, dead organic material = abiotic since dead organic. Types of soil clay, sand, and silt. Capable of retaining water

Question 9

soil’s importance

Answer 9

medium for plant growth; principal factor controlling fate water in terrestrial env; nature’s recycling system which breaks down waste products of plants and animals and transforms them into their basic elements; and habitat to diversity of animal life from small mammals to countliess forms microbial life.

Question 10

what effects does soil show?

Answer 10

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the Earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time.

Question 11

what function do each of microcrobes do in soil

Answer 11

Soil Fungus good fungi help plants get nutrients from the soil. Mites - soil mites eat good and bad fungus. They carry bacteria around on their backs! They are an important part of healthy soil. Bacteria Bacteria can be good or bad.

Question 12

what microcrobes are in soil?

Answer 12

bacteria, fungi (fungus) and mites

Question 13

arthropods

Answer 13

an invertebrate animal of the large phylum Arthropoda, such as an insect, spider, or crustacean.

Question 14

humus

Answer 14

the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.

Question 15

what other organisms besides microboes live in soil

Answer 15

Spiders, beetles, earthworms, ants and many other arthropods are some of the visible members of the soil community.

Question 16

Nutrition

Answer 16

the energy (food source) needed by living things to be able to survive and thrive

Question 17

Horizon

Answer 17

in soil, horizons are another name for its layers

Question 18

Soil is layered.

Answer 18

The upper layer or SOIL HORIZON has more organic matter and water, causing it to be darker. Plant roots use this area to get nutrition, water and oxygen.

Question 19

Soil is described by its particle size.

Answer 19

All soil is made up of sand, silt and clay. The larger or coarser particles are sand. The smallest particles cling together to make clay. This de- scribes the particle sizes, not the type of parent material it is composed of.

Question 20

soil layers

Answer 20

Soil is layered (horizons); the upper A Horizon has more organic matter, water and air. This is good for plants. The lower layers tend to be less broken down, with less organic matter, air and water.

Question 21

Silt

Answer 21

a type of soil particle between the smallest (clay) and the largest (sand)

Question 22

soil colors

Answer 22

Black/Dark Brown Soil that has high organic matter content and nutrients for plants. Yellow or Gold Soil from certain sandstones. Light Brown Clay soils with low organic matter content. Soils formed mainly in materials left from ancient sea beds. Red Soil with high iron content. White or Cream Soil with high amounts of lime or formed in wind-blown silty material.

Question 23

Parent Materials

Answer 23

in soil, parent materials are the types of rocks and minerals that eventually become soil over time

Question 24

How is soil formed?

Answer 24

Soil is formed slowly as rocks break down into tiny pieces, through EROSION. Organic material decays (assisted by action living organisms) and mixes with INORGANIC MATERIALS and water to form soil. Soil even has air in it!

Question 25

Soils Make Life | Life Makes Soils

Answer 25

Plants grow in and from soils, and plants directly or indirectly feed almost all life on Earth. LIFE to SOIL: Soil-dwellers such as bacteria and fungi recycle once-living organisms into nutrients and soil organic matter (humus) vital components of all soils. Without soils, life would not exist as we know it.

Question 26

Soils Breathe

Answer 26

From burrowers to bacteria, the organisms that live in soils respire (breath). Most of them take in oxygen to do their work, and they give off carbon dioxide, just as humans do.Soils breathe because they shelter and support living organisms.

Question 27

Soil or Dirt?

Answer 27

Soils are more than dirt. Dirt is a mixture of minerals, air, water, and living and dead things. The possibilities are almost endless bugs, bacteria, fungi, feces, nematodes, worms, roots, rotting plants, ice, minerals

Question 28

Soils have history!

Answer 28

Their unique, colorful and exotic layers give us clues to how they have changed over time.

Question 29

loam

Answer 29

Loam soil is a mixture of soil that is the ideal plant-growing medium. It is actually a combination soil, normally equal parts of clay, silt, and sand, which gives the benefits of each with few of the disadvantages. By combining these three types of soil, loam gives you the best characteristics of all three. This enables you to grow almost any type of plant without having to add too much to the soil.

Question 30

clay

Answer 30

Clay soils are fairly dense, have good water- and nutrient-retaining properties, and are great for growing flowering plants that need a lot of water.

Question 31

silt

Answer 31

Silt soils come about halfway between clay and sandy soils so silt soils help clay and sand to mix well. Silt soil is very fine and also holds moisture, but, like clay, it can have a tendency to become compact. Most moisture-loving plants, like colored flowers, vines and grasses, grow well in this smooth and slippery soil.

Question 32

sandy

Answer 32

Sandy soils by contrast have a rough texture, which helps give good drainage and allow lots of air in the soil. Sand is ideal for drought-loving plants like cacti; however, because of its drainage properties, nutrients can be washed away. This type of soil can also grow tulips, shrubs and other plants that don't need too much water. However, unless you just want to grow desert plants, sandy soil isn't so great by itself.