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Geo > Atmosphere And Weather > Flashcards

Atmosphere And Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Latent heat transfer

A

Heat energy used to change the state of a substance eg. Water evaporating to water vapour

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2
Q

Insulation (Incoming solar radiation)

A

The main energy input from the sun which varies with latitude, season and cloud coverage

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3
Q

Sensible heat transfer

A

Movement of parcels of air into and out of an area being studied eg. Air that is warmed by the surface may begin to rise and be replaced by cooler air

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4
Q

Long wave radiation

A

The radiation of energy from the earth into the atmosphere and into space

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5
Q

Dew

A

Dew is water in the form of droplets, caused by condensation or cooling on exposed surfaces

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6
Q

Albedo

A

The amount of energy reflected back into the atmosphere off a material, expressed as a percentage

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7
Q

Surface and subsurface absorption

A

The heat transferred to the soil and bedrock during the day

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8
Q

ITCZ (inter tropical convergence zone)

A

An area of low pressure found around the equator due to warm moist rising air

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9
Q

Upwelling

A

Movement of deep water to the surface

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10
Q

Downwelling

A

The movement of water from the surface to deeper down

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11
Q

Solstice

A

Longest and shortest dats if the year in the northern hemisphere

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12
Q

Equinox

A

When the length of day and night is the same (march and sep)

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13
Q

Fog

A

Small water droplets suspended in the air above the ground which restricts visibility

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14
Q

Adiabatic cooling

A

The process of reducing hear through a decrease in air pressure caused by volume expansion

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15
Q

Dew point

A

The temperature at which 100% relative humidity is reached

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16
Q

Condensation level

A

The altitude at which 100% relative humidity is met

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17
Q

Relative humidity

A

The amount of water vapour / moisture in the air

18
Q

Latent heat

A

The amount of heat energy needed to change the state of a substance

19
Q

Urban canyon

A

When wind squeezes between buildings and increases wind speed

20
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

Th amount of energy needed to bear 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

21
Q

Urban heat island

A

A metropolitan area that is warmer than rural areas surrounding it

22
Q

Spatial scale

A

Size of a factor and how it impacts an area

23
Q

Temporal scale

A

How often the factor is in play / impacts an area

24
Q

Diurnal

A

Daily

25
Q

Temperature inversion

A

When temperatures appear to increase with altitude in one part of the temperature profile ( usually temperatures decrease with altitude)
Usually due to a very cold layer at the surface

26
Q

Radiation cooling

A

When surfaces emit long wave radiation at night, no input of solar radiation so ground cools

27
Q

Dendritic growth zone

A

Location in cloud where ice crystals form

28
Q

Environmental lapse rate

A

The rate of cooling within the temperature profile

29
Q

Updraft

A

The upward movement of air within a cloud

30
Q

Insulation

A

The act of covering something to stop heat from escaping or entering, usually in the form of clouds which maintain overnight temperatures at ground level

31
Q

Convection

A

The upward movement of air caused as a result of surface heating resulting in less dense air

32
Q

Climate change

A

The long term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define earths local, regional and global climates

33
Q

Global warming

A

The long term heating of the earths climate system observed since the pre industrial period due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat trapping greenhouse gas levels in the earths atmosphere

34
Q

Mikankovitch cycles

A

Long term, collective effects of changes in earths position relative to the sun are a strong driver of earths long term climate, and responsible for triggering the beginning and end of gladiator periods

35
Q

Eccentricity

A

The shape of the earths orbit

36
Q

Obliquity

A

The angle of the earths axis tilt with respect to earths orbital plane

37
Q

Precession

A

The direction earths axis of rotation is pointed

38
Q

Ice cores

A

Cylinders of ice where isotopes of oxygen can be measured to correlate to temperatures

39
Q

Orographic uplift

A

When mountains force air to rise

40
Q

Conventional uplift

A

When air gets heated and rises, getting replaced by cooler air

41
Q

Frontal uplift

A

When a warm and cold front meet, causing the warm air to rise as it’s less dense

42
Q

Condensation nuclei

A

Small particles of aerosols in the atmosphere on which water vapour can condense on

Geo (3 decks)

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