Atmosphere, Water, and Soil

Question 1

Troposphere

Answer 1

weather, clouds, bad ozone, temp decreases with altitude

Question 2

Stratosphere

Answer 2

safe ozone, temp increases with altitude

Question 3

Mesosphere

Answer 3

temp decreases

Question 4

Thermosphere

Answer 4

absorbs solar wind from Sun, temp increases

Question 5

Weather

Answer 5

day to day temperature, pressure, sunlight, wind speed, humidity

Question 6

Climate

Answer 6

constant patterns of an area

Question 7

Seasons

Answer 7

caused by tilt of Earth’s axis

Question 8

Convection currents

Answer 8

vertical currents that rise from warm gases expanding and becoming less dense

Question 9

Dew point

Answer 9

temperature water vapor condenses into liquid

Question 10

Precipitation

Answer 10

fallen condensation

Question 11

Monsoon

Answer 11

hot air rises from hot land, creates low-pressure system, rising air cools and moisture falls, massive rainfall

Question 12

Rain shadow effect

Answer 12

air from body of water moves inland and runs into mountain, rises and on other side: no moisture left

Question 13

Hurricane

Answer 13

intense tropical storms (typhoon or cyclone in Pacific Ocean)

Question 14

Watershed

Answer 14

where water from a particular stream collects and drains into

Question 15

Delta

Answer 15

where rivers meet ocean, made of deposited sediments

Question 16

Estuary

Answer 16

freshwater and saltwater mix, rich with species

Question 17

Wetlands

Answer 17

marshes, swamps, bogs, prairie potholes, floodplains, ecologically diverse

Question 18

Groundwater

Answer 18

water below ground, can be from wells or aquifers (layers of Earth or gravel with water)

Question 19

Littoral (freshwater)

Answer 19

shallow water at shoreline

Question 20

Limnetic (freshwater)

Answer 20

open water, sunlight can penetrate

Question 21

Profundal (freshwater)

Answer 21

no sunlight (aphotic)

Question 22

Benthic zone (freshwater)

Answer 22

low temp and low oxygen

Question 23

Coastal zone (ocean)

Answer 23

between shore and end of continental shelf

Question 24

Euphotic zone (ocean)

Answer 24

upper layers of water

Question 25

Bathyal (ocean)

Answer 25

no photosynthesis, middle region

Question 26

Abyssal zone (ocean)

Answer 26

deep ocean, very cold, little dissolved oxygen, high nutrients

Question 27

O horizon

Answer 27

surface and plant litter, organic matter, fungi, freshly fallen

Question 28

A horizon

Answer 28

topsoil, organic matter, mineral material, humus, partially decomposed

Question 29

E horizon

Answer 29

zone of leaching, less organic material, little inorganic coloring material

Question 30

B horizon

Answer 30

subsoil, iron, aluminum, clay, humus, zone of accumulation

Question 31

K horizon

Answer 31

calcium carbonate fills pore spaces

Question 32

C horizon

Answer 32

regolith, partially broken down inorganic materials, parent material

Question 33

R horizon

Answer 33

bedrock, unaltered parent material