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Urban Geography > Atmospheres, Sound and Memory > Flashcards

Atmospheres, Sound and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

How did Guy Debord distinguish the city?

A

“The city is a locus of history because it embodies at once a concentration of social power … and the consciousness of the past”

Debord 1967

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2
Q

When did atmospheres become prominent in urban theory?

A

After the “atmospheric turn” - a move towards affect and non-representation theory

Thrift 2007

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3
Q

What are two interesting considerations re atmospheres?

A
  1. When is there an atmosphere (boring places? Always exciting?)
  2. When do urban atmospheres become rural ones?
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4
Q

What is Heidegger’s main point in “Being and time” (1927)?

A
  • Humans are in the world
  • (unlike animals) we have a CONCEPTION of the world
  • People die, animals perish
    .
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5
Q

What is a critique of Heidegger (1927)?

A

We might conceptualise the world, but other actants (and structures) shape it (Latour 2006)

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6
Q

Is post-phenomenology really new?

A

Not really - it exaggerates phenomenology and focusses too much on the self

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7
Q

What does post-phenomenology all about?

A

Decentring humans from interpretations of the world

(Ash 2020)

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8
Q

What was the trouble with New Cultural Geography?

A

Too focussed on the visual and social constructivism

How do those without a sense understand the landscape and environment? Different forms of atmospheres?

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9
Q

Why are discussions of being in the “landscape” problematic in phenomenology/

A

“landscape implies separation” (Williams 1973)’

  • Much of phenomenology against NCG, so landscape is being critiqued
  • Yet really ENVIRONMENT WOULD BE BETTER!
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10
Q

What is an atmosphere?

A

The mood of a place

  • Individual and collective
    (Gandy 2017 - also Maurice Merleau-Ponty 1945)
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11
Q

What is interesting about Marx’ discussion of a “Revolutionary atmosphere”?

A

Marx 1852 (in Berman 1982)

You wouldn’t have a ‘revolutionary landscape’!

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12
Q

Who has criticised the focus on semiotics and ideology in NCG by focussing on atmospheres?

A

Stewart 2007

“ordinary affects are more directly compelling than ideologies, as well as more fractious, multiplicitous, and unpredictable than symbolic meaning”

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13
Q

What does Stewart (2007) not consider in her criticism of NCG?

A

Surely affective atmospheres are themselves influenced by expectations and symbolism

Are we predisposed to enjoy wilderness because of Romanticism??

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14
Q

What might be a good way of politicising affect?

A

Guy Debord’s Society of the Spectacle (1967)

Could extend “images” to include other sensory experiences mediating and changing the experience of life in the city

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15
Q

How could Jenny Robinson’s (2002, 2022) intervention disrupt the conceptualisation of atmospheres?

A
  • If atmospheres are used to consider the intrinsic qualities of cities (Scott & Storper 2011)
  • Then what about atmospheres in the South
  • Does it romanticise life which is dependent more on material relations?
  • Are atmospheres really the solution to the “urban question” (cf. Hasse 2012)
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16
Q

What has Hasse 2012 suggested about atmospheres?

A

“It is through atmospheres that the complexity and dynamics of urban space become perceptible”

Hasse 2012 - a possible answer to the Urban Question??

17
Q

What two ontological questions does affect theory and atmospheres help solve?

A
  1. What is a landscape (and what distinguishes it from an environment?)
  2. Where does a city end? (cf. Gandy 2014)
18
Q

What is a good way of considering structures, semiotics and ideologies influencing affect (contra Stewart 2007)?

A

Williams’ “Structures of feeling” 1973

19
Q

What do phenomenologists often refer to?

A

A “life-world”

20
Q

Who has suggested that affect is transmitted?

A

Brennan 2004

There is a “transmission of affect”

21
Q

Who devised the “Sound Score”, linking musicology to sound?

A

Merijn Royaards ‘Score of a sound’ (2012)

22
Q

What is important to remember about atmospheres?

A

DEFINE and justify focus on phenomenology/ post-p/ politics of atmospheres…

23
Q

On my own experiences, what is the importance of atmospheres?

A

Transect out of the city
- realise how large the city really is
- Changes to atmospheres
- Acclimatisation towards atmospheres.

.

24
Q

Why is sound significant to urban studies?

A

It decentres the visual (too much focus on this in geography and cognate disciplines)

Incorporates the physics of sound with the intricacies of the human subject

(e.g., Ihde 2007)

25
Q

Why is sound more peculiar than vision in space?

A

It is not as fixed as vision and light

Jean-Luc Nancy 2007

26
Q

Is light really always fixed in space?

A
  • Shadows?
  • What about diffraction of light?
27
Q

Where did Murray Schafer study soundscapes?

A

In British Columbia, where it was thought that there were ‘authentic’, natural sounds.

28
Q

Who has considered the symbolic qualities of sound according to socially constructed ideals?

A

Revill 2014 (to some extent)

John Urry (1995) “aural regulation” and “quiet enjoyment” in the Lake District
- Yet to be applied to the urban context

29
Q

What is the essence of Lefebvre’s ‘Rhythmanalysis’?

A

That the city is constructed out of rhythms (involving many senses)

30
Q

Why is “ecologies” used in “acoustic ecologies”?

A

Because of the webs of relations involved between different actants (cf. Latour 2006)

31
Q

What is important to consider with memory?

A

Other-than-human memories.

32
Q

Who studied the “one square inch of silence”?

Where did the study take place

What is the issue with it?

A

“One square inch of silence” by Gordon Hempton 2009

In Hoh Rainforest, Olympic National Park

Assumed that there was a pure, authentic form of silence worth preserving

33
Q

What is a mnemonic?

A

A device that helps us to remember

34
Q

How does Elizabeth Wilson’s “Invisible flaneur” deconstruct atmospheres and phenomemology?

A

STRUCTURED BY GENDERED EXPERIENCES OF URBAN SPACE (Wilson 1992)

(The most glaringly obvious form of experiences being shaped by structures! Experience is situational)

35
Q

What does Wall (2015) caution about considering atmospheres?

A

“The danger, however, of valourising atmospheres is that we begin to lose sight of the relation between the material political action and the atmosphere produced”

  • Becomes an object of analysis, and not a impetus for change
36
Q

What is a major issue with atmospheres?

A
  • Makes the city sound more exciting that it actually is
  • more often a mundane place
  • e.g., Lefebvre (1970) highlighted that the street has become a “passageway”

(cf. Amin 2006)

37
Q

Who has provided a critical take on “assemblage urbanism”? What are 3 take aways?

A

Brenner et al 2011

  • Urban increasingly understood as an assemblage of things (including non-human actants)
  • Overlooks the political economy of urban capitalism
  • Suggests that assemblages can compliment political economic approaches

Urban Geography (4 decks)

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