Atomic and Molecular Structure

Question 1

Property defined as the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gaseous state.

Answer 1

ionization energy

Question 2

Which of the following elements most easily accepts an extra electron?

He, Ca, Cl, Fr, or Na

Answer 2

Cl

Question 3

Which of the following pairs has one metalloid element and one nonmetal element

Pb and Bi

Sb and Ca

K and F

As and Si

Ge and F

Answer 3

Ge and F

Question 4

Periods on the periodic table represent elements?

Answer 4

with consecutive atomic numbers

Question 5

How many electrons can occupy the n=2 (2s and 2p) shell?

Answer 5

8

Question 6

Ignoring hydrogen, which area(s) or the periodic table contain(s) both metal and nonmetals?

Answer 6

p area (elements with p orbitals are largest)

Question 7

What is number of known nonmetals relative to metals?

Answer 7

17 to 84

Question 8

What did Dalton postulate?

Answer 8

Each element has indivisible ParTicles called elements

Question 9

True or false: iron with a mass equal to 55.43 amu is 55.43/12.000 times greater than ¹²C

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Which is the principal quantum number?

Answer 10

n

Question 11

How many electrons occupy the 4s shell?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

An excited hydrogen atom emits light of a specific spectrum and characteristic wavelength when?

Answer 12

excited electrons drop to lower energy levels

Question 13

which has the largest radius?

Br^-

K⁺

Ar

Ca²⁺

Cl^-

Answer 13

Br^-

Question 14

In ground state how many unpaired electrons does sulfur have?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

Which element would be in the same group as the element whose elctronic configurations is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹?

Ar

Se

Mg

P

Li

Answer 15

Li

Question 16

When an atom is most stable, how many electrons does it contain in the valence shell?

Answer 16

8 (2 in s and 6 in p)

Question 17

Wich characteristic(s) is/are responsible for the changes seen in the first ionization energy when moving down a column?

Answer 17

increased shielding of electrons and larger atomic radii

Question 18

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4f shell?

Answer 18

14

Question 19

The property that describes the energy released by a gas phase atom from adding an electron is

Answer 19

electron affinity

Question 20

True of false: the attraction of the nucleus on the outermost electron in an atom tends to decrease from right to left and top to bottom

Answer 20

true

Question 21

How many protons and neutrons are there in ³⁵Cl?

Answer 21

17;18

Question 22

Which of the follow must be the same if two atoms represent the same element?

a. number of neutrons
b. atomic mass
c. number of electron shells
d. atomic number
e. number of valence electrons

Answer 22

d. atomic number

Question 23

Which of the follow is not a solid metal under normal conditions?

a. Ce
b. Os
c. Ba
d. Cr
e. Hg

Answer 23

e. Hg

Question 24

True or false: electron affinity is the energy liberated when an electron is added to a gaseous neutral atom converting it to an anion.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

True or false: Metalloids are elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Which of the following are halogens? a. Br b. H c. I

Answer 26

a. yes b. no c. yes

Question 27

True or false: According to John Dalton, the smallest division of an element is an atom.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Is ₁¹H and ₁²H a pair of isotopes?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

True or false: early investigators proposed that the ray of the cathode tube was actually a negatively charged particle because the ray was attracted to positively charges electric plates.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

What are the value of the quantum numbers *n* and *l* in the highest occupied orbital for the element carbon that has an atomic number of 6.

Answer 30

*n* = 2, *l* = 1

Question 31

Which type of subshell is filled by the distinguishing electron in an alkaline earth metal?

Answer 31

*s*

Question 32

True or false: An element ending with 3*p*⁴ needs two more electrons in the 3*rd* shell to be completely filled.

Answer 32

true

Question 33

True or false: Halogens form anions by gaining two electrons.

Answer 33

false. (by gaining one)

Question 34

What is the term for a broad band interrupted band of radiation energy?

Answer 34

Continuous spectrum

Question 35

True or false: the following are in correct order of increasing atomic radius. Sb \< Te \< In \< Sr \< Rb

Answer 35

false | (Te \< Sb \< In \< Sr \< Rb)

Question 36

Does 1*s*²2*s*²2*p*⁶3*s*²3*d*¹⁰ represent an excited state of an atom?

Answer 36

yes 3*p* state missing

Question 37

Which has the greatest ionization energy? a. Rb b. Ne c. K d. Ca e. Mg

Answer 37

b. Ne

Question 38

Which of the following is a nonmetal? a. Na b. Cl c. Al d. Mg e. Pd

Answer 38

b. Cl

Question 39

An atom containing 47 protons, 47 electrons, and 60 neutrons is an isotope of

Answer 39

Ag

Question 40

The shell level of an electron is defined by which quantum number?

Answer 40

principal quantum number

Question 41

How many neutrons are there in ₄⁹Be?

Answer 41

5

Question 42

What is the approximate mass of an electron?

Answer 42

5 x 10^-4 amu

Question 43

What is the name of CaCl₂?

Answer 43

calcium chloride

Question 44

What is the namer for elements in the same column of the periodic table that have similar chemical properties?

Answer 44

cogeners

Question 45

Are ³¹Ga, ⁴⁹In, and ⁸¹Ti in the same group?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

Which elemeent would most likely be a metal with a low melting point? a. K b. B c. N d. C e. Cl

Answer 46

a. K

Question 47

Mg is an example of

Answer 47

alkaline earth metal

Question 48

Ture or false: Metalloids hasv seome metallic and nonmetallic properties and may have low electrical conductivities.

Answer 48

true

Question 49

Which is a halogen? a. Os b. I c. O d. Te e. Se

Answer 49

b. I

Question 50

Silicon exists as ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si. Which is most abundant in nature

Answer 50

²⁸Si

Question 51

True or false: Early investigaotrs proposed that the ray of the cathode ray tube was due to the cathode because the ray was observed in the presence or absence of a gas.

Answer 51

true

Question 52

True or false: the spin quantum number implies the following a. two spinning electrons generate magnetic fields. b. the values are -1/2 and +1/2 c. orbital electrons have opposite spins

Answer 52

true

Question 53

How many quantum numbers are required to describe a single electron in an atom?

Answer 53

4 principal *n* (level 1,2,3,...) angular momentum *l* (orbit s,p,d,..) magnetic m (ranges from -*l* to +*l*) spin (-1/2 or +1/2)

Question 54

Are the followintg in the correct order of increasing energy in a subshell? 3*s* 3*p* 3*d* 4*s* 4*p* 4*d* 5*s*

Answer 54

no 3*s* 3*p* 4*s* 3*d* 4*p* 5*s* 4*d*

Question 55

Rank the elements in order of decreasing atomic radius. Mg, Na, P, Cl, Al

Answer 55

Na \> Mg \> Al \> P \> Cl

Question 56

What is electron configuration of boron?

Answer 56

1*s*²2*s*²2*p*²

Question 57

Which element has the electron configuration 1*s*²2*s*²2*p*⁶3*s*²3*p*⁶4*s*²3*d*¹⁰4*p*⁶5*s*²4*d*¹⁰5*p*²

Answer 57

Sn

Question 58

Which element has the greatest ionization energy? a. Ar b. Sr c. Br d. In e. Sn

Answer 58

a. Ar

Question 59

Which element has the lowest electronegativity? a. Mg b. Al c. Cl d. Br e. I

Answer 59

a. Mg

Question 60

Which of the following is a solid nonmetal under normal conditions? a. Cl b. F c. Se d. As e. Ar

Answer 60

c. Se

Question 61

What causes th emission spectrum?

Answer 61

excited elctrons dropping to a lower energy level

Question 62

Is n=4; l=2; m_l=2; m_s=-1/2 a psooble quantum number?

Answer 62

yes

Question 63

The number of neutrons is equal to?

Answer 63

mass number minus atomic number

Question 64

Which of the following are compounds rather than elements? O₃ CCl₄ S₈

Answer 64

CCl₄

Question 65

Which of the following is incorrect? Mo - transition element Sr - alkaline earth metal K - representative element Ar - noble gas Po - halogen

Answer 65

Po - halogen

Question 66

What is the name given to elements which has properties of both metals and nonmetals?

Answer 66

metalloids

Question 67

Is the following arranged in the correct order from smallest to largest atomic radii? Al³⁺ \< S^2- \< S \< Al

Answer 67

no Al³⁺ \< S \< S^2- \< Al

Question 68

How many valence electrons does S have?

Answer 68

6

Question 69

Is As a semimetal?

Answer 69

yes

Question 70

Which statement is not true for noble gases? a. The more masssive noble gases will react with other elements. b. They belong to group VIIIA c. They contain at least one metalloid. d. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn are included e. They were once known as inert gases

Answer 70

c

Question 71

Which of the following are good experimental method(s) to distinguish ordinary hydrogen and deuterium, a rare isotope of hydrogen? a. Measure density at STP b. Measeure rate at which gas effuses c. Infrared spectroscopy

Answer 71

all three

Question 72

Which is more abundant ⁶Li or ⁷Li?

Answer 72

⁷Li

Question 73

What is the charge of one mole of electrons?

Answer 73

6.022 x 10²³ e^-

Question 74

Which of the following are true? a. the *f* subshell has 7 orbitals b. the *d* subshell has 5 orbitals c. the third energy shell (n=3) has no *f* orbitals

Answer 74

all are true

Question 75

True or false: Cl has higher ionization energy than I.

Answer 75

true

Question 76

True or false: electrons fill with increasing distance from the nucleus and increasing energy level.

Answer 76

true

Question 77

What produces an atomic fingerprint?

Answer 77

excited electrons dropping to a lower energy level and emitting a certain spectrum

Question 78

What is the electron configuration of Mn?

Answer 78

1*s*²2*s*²2*p*⁶3*s*²3*p*⁶4*s*²3*d*⁵

Question 79

True or false: F has greater electronegativity than I?

Answer 79

true

Question 80

Is Ca an alkali metal?

Answer 80

no