Atomic Models

Question 1

the smallest particle of a given element

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

derived the word atomos

Answer 2

Democritus

Question 3

how did Democritus arrive at atomos?

Answer 3

through ideological and philosophical reasoning on the existence of atoms with his teacher while they were walking along the Agean Sea

Question 4

who came up with the first theory of atoms?

Answer 4

Democritus

Question 5

according to Democritus, atoms differ…

Answer 5

in size, shape, and arrangement in space

Question 6

he is considered the Father of Modern Chemistry

Answer 6

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Question 7

what law did Antoine Lavoisier establish?

Answer 7

Law of Conservation of Mass

Question 8

what does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

Answer 8

matter is neither created nor destroyed

Question 9

what is the basis for many chemical reactions?

Answer 9

Law of Conservation of Mass

Question 10

Antoine Lavoisier observed that matter…

Answer 10

is conserved (in his experiments)

Question 11

he established the Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 11

Joseph Louis Proust

Question 12

what does the Law of Definite Proportions state?

Answer 12

any chemical compound will always contain the same ratio of elements by mass

Question 13

one of Proust’s experiments was on…

Answer 13

malachite (basic copper carbonate)

Question 14

established the Atomic Theory of Matter

Answer 14

John Dalton

Question 15

what does the Atomic Theory of Matter state?

Answer 15

each element is composed of unique type of atom which can combine in different ratios to form different compounds

Question 16

state the 5 points of the Atomic Theory of Matter

Answer 16

1. Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms
2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties
3. Atoms can be subdivided, created, or destroyed
4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged

Question 17

he invented the periodic table

Answer 17

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 18

what is Mendeleev’s contribution?

Answer 18

arranged elements and predicted the existence of undiscovered elements

Question 19

how did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the periodic table?

Answer 19

in increasing atomic mass, and placing elements with similar chemical properties in the same column

Question 20

he discovered anode rays

Answer 20

Eugen Goldstein

Question 21

what did Goldstein experiment with?

Answer 21

gas discharge tubes that had perforated cathodes

Question 22

aside from anode rays, what else did Goldstein discover?

Answer 22

positively charged entities

Question 23

what was the first subatomic particle to be discovered?

Answer 23

the electron

Question 24

who discovered the electron?

Answer 24

Joseph John Thomson

Question 25

how did Thomson discover the electron?

Answer 25

through his cathode ray tube experiments

Question 26

Thomson was able to calculate for...

Answer 26

the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron

Question 27

the only winner of a Nobel Prize in Physics among the scientists in the lesson

Answer 27

Joseph John Thomson

Question 28

what was the atomic model that Thomson created?

Answer 28

plum pudding model

Question 29

what did the plum pudding model say about the atom?

Answer 29

atoms have overall neutral charge so there must be a source for both positive and negative charges

Question 30

how did Thomson describe the atom?

Answer 30

negative particles floating within a sea of diffuse positive charge

Question 31

who determined the charge of the electron, and consequently, its mass?

Answer 31

Robert Millikan

Question 32

Millikan calculated for...

Answer 32

the individual numbers of mass and charge

Question 33

according to Millikan, what is the charge of an electron?

Answer 33

1.602x10^-19C

Question 34

what is the weight of the oil droplet in Millikan’s experiment?

Answer 34

Fw=mg

Question 35

Millikan won a Nobel Prize in...

Answer 35

Physics

Question 36

he proposed the nuclear atom theory as evidenced by the alpha particle scattering in his experiment

Answer 36

Ernest Rutherford

Question 37

what was Rutherford’s experiment?

Answer 37

shot a beam of alpha particles through a thing gold foil

Question 38

through his experiment, what did Rutherford conclude?

Answer 38

all positive charge and nearly all the mass of an atom are concentrated at the center of the atom in a tiny core = THE NUCLEUS!

Question 39

what is the atomic model of Rutherford called?

Answer 39

nuclear model

Question 40

Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in...

Answer 40

chemistry

Question 41

he improved Rutherford’s Model

Answer 41

Niels Bohr

Question 42

how did Bohr improve Rutherford’s model?

Answer 42

considered the inconsistencies in the classical mechanics

Question 43

what did Rutherford suggest?

Answer 43

that energy of the electron is quantized

Question 44

what is quantum?

Answer 44

tiny unit of energy which value depends on frequency

Question 45

Bohr won a Nobel Prize in...

Answer 45

physics

Question 46

what was Bohr’s atomic model called?

Answer 46

planetary model