Atomic Structure

Question 1

Factors that affect the first ionization energy.

Answer 1

1. Size of the nuclear charge
2. Distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus
3. Shielding effect of the inner electrons
4. Spin pair repulsion

Question 2

What changes occur in ionization energy across the period and down the group?

Answer 2

Across the period, it increases.
Down the group, it decreases.

Question 3

Define 1st ionization energy.

Answer 3

the energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom of an element in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of unipositively charged gaseous ions.

Question 4

Define element

Answer 4

A substance containing only one type of atom. All the atoms in the element have the same proton number.

Question 5

Define atom

Answer 5

The smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Question 6

Define shielding

Answer 6

The ability of the inner electrons to reduce the effect of the nuclear charge on the outer shell electrons.

Question 7

What are energy levels?

Answer 7

Fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found.

Question 8

Which two elements are an exception when filling up shells with electrons?

Answer 8

Chromium ( [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ )
Copper ( [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ )