Atomic Structure

Question 1

how many elements are there

Answer 1

118

Question 2

how are the elements get arranged in groups

Answer 2

according to how many are in the outer most energy level

Question 3

describe alkali metals

Answer 3

VERY reactive
soft
react with water
react with oxygen

Question 4

describe transition metals

Answer 4

hard and dense
less reactive
used in catalysts
form coloured compounds

Question 5

describe the halogens

Answer 5

diatomic elements
all toxic
chlorine used to sterilise swimming pools

Question 6

describe nobel gases

Answer 6

least reactive
DO NOT REACT AT ALL

Question 7

what is the centre of the atom called and what does it contain what’s its charge

Answer 7

its called the nucleus and contains protons and neutrons and is positively charged

Question 8

what circles round the atom and what is its charge

Answer 8

the electrons circle round and are negatively charged

Question 9

how is the atom neutral

Answer 9

its neutral because the number of positively charged protons cancels out the negatively charged electrons

Question 10

what is the top number mean in nuclide notation

Answer 10

the top number is the mass number

Question 11

what is the bottom number in nuclide notation and what does it represent

Answer 11

its the atomic number and represents the number of protons and electrons

Question 12

what are isotopes

Answer 12

isotopes are atoms of the same element have the same atomic number but diffrent mass numbers

Question 13

how do you calculate the relative atomic mass

Answer 13

(mass of isotopes 1 x %) + (mass isotopes 2 x %) divide by 100

Question 14

what is the electron arrangement for sodium

Answer 14

2,8,1

Question 15

why do elements in a group have similar chemical properties

Answer 15

because they have the same number of outer electrons

Question 16

what is an ion

Answer 16

an ion is where an atom gains or loses electrons and charged particles which are ions are formed

Question 17

what happens if an atom gains an electron

Answer 17

it becomes a negatively charged ion

Question 18

what happens if an atom loses an electron

Answer 18

it becomes a positively charged ion.

Question 19

do metals gain or lose electrons

do non-metals gain or lose electrons

Answer 19

metals always lose to become positively charged

non-metals always gain to become negativly charged

Question 20

why do atoms lose or gain electrons

Answer 20

its so they achieve a full outer most energy level.

Question 21

what are atoms joined by

Answer 21

atoms can be joined by bonds

Question 22

if the bonded atoms are the same what is it

Answer 22

its a molecule of an element

Question 23

what is a diatomic molecule

Answer 23

diatomic molecules are made up of only two atoms

Question 24

what are the seven diatomic elements

Answer 24

Oxygen
Flurine
Chlorine
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Iodine
Bromine

Question 25

why do atoms form bonds

Answer 25

in order to achieve a most stable outer electron arrangement (a full outer shell)

Question 26

what is a covalent bond

Answer 26

two positive nuclei held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of negative electrons

Question 27

what are covalent bonds formed from

Answer 27

they are usually formed between two non-metal elements

Question 28

are covalent bonds strong

Answer 28

they are extremely strong and need lots of energy to break

Question 29

what are bonding diagrams

Answer 29

they are simplified pictures of an atoms outer electrons

Question 30

how do atoms form bonds

Answer 30

using the electrons in their outer most energy level

Question 31

what molecular would hydrogen oxide be

Answer 31

angular

Question 32

what are covalent networks

Answer 32

gains network structures held together by strong covalent binds

Question 33

give an example of chemical formula

Answer 33

H2O

Question 34

what is the formula to work out the valency

Answer 34

Symbol Valency Swap Divide Formula

Question 35

what would be the valency for Magnesium chloride

Answer 35

Mg Cl 2 1 1 2 1 2 MgCl2

Question 36

what are the Roman numerals from 1-7

Answer 36

1 - I 2 - II 3 - III 4 - IV 5 - V 6 - VI 7 - VII

Question 37

what is the valency for iron(II)chloride

Answer 37

S - Fe Cl V - 2 1 S - 1 1 D - 1 1 F - FeCl2

Question 38

what are the prefixes for numbers 1-7

Answer 38

1 - mono 2 - di 3 - tri 4 - tetra 5 - penta 6 - hexa 7 - heat

Question 39

what would thee answer be t o carbon monoxide

Answer 39

CO

Question 40

when does ionic bonding occur

Answer 40

between a metal and non-metal between an positive and negative ion

Question 41

what is an ionic lattice

Answer 41

a giant arrangement of ions held together by electrostatic attraction (ionic bonds)

Question 42

what are 3 things you know about ionic lattice

Answer 42

it consists of millions of ions held together by ionic bonds lots of energy required to break the bonds always solid at room temputure

Question 43

what is the ionic formula for Hydrogen fluride

Answer 43

S - H. F V - 1. 1 S - 1. 1 D - 1. 1 F - HF I - H+F-

Question 44

what are the charges on the ions for numbers 1-7

Answer 44

1 - + 2 - 2+ 3 - 3+ 4 - / 5 - (-) 6 - 2- 7 - 3-

Question 45

what is a conductor of electricity

Answer 45

it allows electric current to flow through

Question 46

what is a non-conductor of electricity

Answer 46

it does not allow electrical current to flow through

Question 47

are metals elements conductor or not

Answer 47

they do conduct

Question 48

do non-metals conduct

Answer 48

NO

Question 49

what is metallic bonding

Answer 49

the outer electrons of metal atoms are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move around. THEY ARE DELOCALISED

Question 50

why do metals conduct electricity

Answer 50

because electrons can flow through them

Question 51

what is covalent bonding

Answer 51

where electrons are not free to ,one around and there is no conduction of electricity

Question 52

what is conductivity in non-metals

Answer 52

non-metals do not have charged particles which can move therefore they do not conduct electricity

Question 53

do covalent compounds (solid, liquid, gas) conduct electricity

Answer 53

NO because they are not free to move around

Question 54

do ionic compounds electricity at all

Answer 54

yes when dissolved in water or when molten

Question 55

what happens when melting ionic compounds

Answer 55

it breaks down the lattice and allows the ions to move.