Atomic Structure

Question 1

Charge And Mass Of A Proton

Answer 1

Charge = Positive Mass = 1

Question 2

Charge And Mass Of A Neutron

Answer 2

Charge = N/A Mass = 1

Question 3

Charge And Mass Of A Electron

Answer 3

Charge = Negative Mass = Very Small

Question 4

Where Are Protons And Neutrons Found

Answer 4

In The Nucleus

Question 5

Where Are Electrons Found

Answer 5

In A Shell Outside The Nucleus

Question 6

Radius Of The Atom

Answer 6

10 ^-10

Question 7

Radius Of The Nucleus

Answer 7

10^-14

Question 8

How Can Electrons Change Orbit

Answer 8

By Absorbing Or Emitting Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 9

How To Work Out The Neutrons In An Atom

Answer 9

Mass NO - Proton NO = Neutron NO

Question 10

What Charge Is Given When Removing An Electron

Answer 10

Positive Ion

Question 11

What Charge Is Given When Gaining An Electron

Answer 11

Negative ion

Question 12

Definition Of An Isotope

Answer 12

Same Number Of Protons Diff Number Of Neutrons

Question 13

What Did Democritus Discover

Answer 13

The Smallest Part Of An Element Is An Atom

Question 14

When Was The Electron Discovered

Answer 14

1897

Question 15

Who Made The Plum Pudding Model

Answer 15

JJ Thompson

Question 16

What Did The Plum Pudding Model Show

Answer 16

The Atom is an even spread of Positive charge throughout the atom with electrons dotted inside

Question 17

What Did The Alpha Particle Experiment Show

Answer 17

That the Atom is mostly empty space

Question 18

Why did Some Alpha Particles Deflect

Answer 18

The Nucleus Has a Positive Charge

Question 19

Why Did Some Rebound

Answer 19

The Atom Contains Mass

Question 20

When Was the Nucleus Discovered

Answer 20

1932

Question 21

What is radioactivity

Answer 21

When a unstable nucleus emits a particle or radiation and is not affected by anything

Question 22

Where does radioactivity take place

Answer 22

In the nucleus

Question 23

What is an alpha particles charge

Answer 23

+2

Question 24

What element is the alpha particle

Answer 24

4
He
2

Question 25

Properties of the alpha particle

Answer 25

Massively Ionising, Stopped by paper, Most dangerous in a body

Question 26

What is a beta particles charge

Answer 26

-1

Question 27

What is an beta particle

Answer 27

Electron

Question 28

Properties of a beta particle

Answer 28

Medium ionising, stopped by 5mm aluminium, dangerous in body

Question 29

Properties of gamma radiation

Answer 29

electromagnetic wave, low ionising, stopped by lead, dangerous from outside the body

Question 30

Properties of a neutron

Answer 30

High ionisation, Dangerous

Question 31

What is ionisation

Answer 31

When an atom gains or loses electrons and becomes charged

Question 32

Radiation safety

Answer 32

tongs, don't point source at someone, no use for under 16s, no eating near a source

Question 33

How to Work out radiation

Answer 33

Record background count 2 Record count rate from source 32 Subtract to get correct count rate 32-2=30

Question 34

What process is radioactive decay

Answer 34

It is a random process which cannot be predicted

Question 35

What is a half life

Answer 35

the time taken for the number of nuclei to decrease by half

Question 36

Measure of emissions of radiation

Answer 36

Bq Becquerel

Question 37

What is the activity

Answer 37

Number of particles emitted per second by a source

Question 37

What is count rate

Answer 37

the number of particles recorded by the Gm per second

Question 38

What makes a nuclei stable

Answer 38

how long the half-life is

Question 39

Steps of nuclear fission

Answer 39

Neutron is absorbed by 235U Splits into 2 smaller nuclei 2 neutrons(or more) are emitted Leading to a chain reaction

Question 40

What percent of 235U make up the fuel rods

Answer 40

3%

Question 41

What to Boron control rods do

Answer 41

They control the rate of the reaction

Question 42

What is nuclear fusion

Answer 42

When 2 small nuclei fuse together to release huge amounts of energy

Question 43

Where does it take place

Answer 43

Controlled nuclear fusion reactors