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Atomic Structure Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

Charge And Mass Of A Proton

A

Charge = Positive Mass = 1

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2
Q

Charge And Mass Of A Neutron

A

Charge = N/A Mass = 1

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3
Q

Charge And Mass Of A Electron

A

Charge = Negative Mass = Very Small

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4
Q

Where Are Protons And Neutrons Found

A

In The Nucleus

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5
Q

Where Are Electrons Found

A

In A Shell Outside The Nucleus

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6
Q

Radius Of The Atom

A

10 ^-10

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7
Q

Radius Of The Nucleus

A

10^-14

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8
Q

How Can Electrons Change Orbit

A

By Absorbing Or Emitting Electromagnetic Radiation

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9
Q

How To Work Out The Neutrons In An Atom

A

Mass NO - Proton NO = Neutron NO

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10
Q

What Charge Is Given When Removing An Electron

A

Positive Ion

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11
Q

What Charge Is Given When Gaining An Electron

A

Negative ion

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12
Q

Definition Of An Isotope

A

Same Number Of Protons Diff Number Of Neutrons

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13
Q

What Did Democritus Discover

A

The Smallest Part Of An Element Is An Atom

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14
Q

When Was The Electron Discovered

A

1897

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15
Q

Who Made The Plum Pudding Model

A

JJ Thompson

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16
Q

What Did The Plum Pudding Model Show

A

The Atom is an even spread of Positive charge throughout the atom with electrons dotted inside

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17
Q

What Did The Alpha Particle Experiment Show

A

That the Atom is mostly empty space

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18
Q

Why did Some Alpha Particles Deflect

A

The Nucleus Has a Positive Charge

19
Q

Why Did Some Rebound

A

The Atom Contains Mass

20
Q

When Was the Nucleus Discovered

21
Q

What is radioactivity

A

When a unstable nucleus emits a particle or radiation and is not affected by anything

22
Q

Where does radioactivity take place

A

In the nucleus

23
Q

What is an alpha particles charge

24
Q

What element is the alpha particle

25
Properties of the alpha particle
Massively Ionising, Stopped by paper, Most dangerous in a body
26
What is a beta particles charge
-1
27
What is an beta particle
Electron
28
Properties of a beta particle
Medium ionising, stopped by 5mm aluminium, dangerous in body
29
Properties of gamma radiation
electromagnetic wave, low ionising, stopped by lead, dangerous from outside the body
30
Properties of a neutron
High ionisation, Dangerous
31
What is ionisation
When an atom gains or loses electrons and becomes charged
32
Radiation safety
tongs, don't point source at someone, no use for under 16s, no eating near a source
33
How to Work out radiation
Record background count 2 Record count rate from source 32 Subtract to get correct count rate 32-2=30
34
What process is radioactive decay
It is a random process which cannot be predicted
35
What is a half life
the time taken for the number of nuclei to decrease by half
36
Measure of emissions of radiation
Bq Becquerel
37
What is the activity
Number of particles emitted per second by a source
37
What is count rate
the number of particles recorded by the Gm per second
38
What makes a nuclei stable
how long the half-life is
39
Steps of nuclear fission
Neutron is absorbed by 235U Splits into 2 smaller nuclei 2 neutrons(or more) are emitted Leading to a chain reaction
40
What percent of 235U make up the fuel rods
3%
41
What to Boron control rods do
They control the rate of the reaction
42
What is nuclear fusion
When 2 small nuclei fuse together to release huge amounts of energy
43
Where does it take place
Controlled nuclear fusion reactors