Atomic Structure Flashcards
What particles are in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons + neutrons
What particles aren’t in the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons
What charges do the particles in an atom have
Protons +1
Electrons -1
Neutrons 0
What is the relative mass of particles in an atom?
Protons - 1
Electrons - almost 0
Neutrons - 1
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is the mass number?
The sum of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
How can you tell between the atomic number and mass number on a chemical symbol on the periodic table?
The mass number is always bigger than the atomic number
What do atoms of the same element have?
The same atomic number (protons) therefore the same amount of electrons
What is an ion?
It’s a charged atom
How does an atom become negatively charged?
If it gains electrons
How does an atom become positively charged?
If it loses electrons
How would you calculate neutrons?
Mass number - atomic number
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons in the nuclei of the atom
How would you calculate the RAM of isotopes?
Take the mass numbers and the abundances and multiply them separately the multiply them together and divide them by 100
How many electrons can the 1st electron shell have?
2
How many electrons can the 2nd electron shell have?
8
How many electrons can the 3rd electron shell have?
8
What does the outer shell of atoms determine?
How the atom will react
What did Dalton discover?
That atoms were solid balls and the smallest particles
What did Thompson discover?
Electrons while experiment the electrical conduction through gases, found out they were smaller and lighter than atoms
What model did Thompson create?
Plum pudding model
Spherical cloud of gas with electrons in it
What did Rutherford discover?
Conducted the gold foil experiment which led him to discover atoms had a small but massive nuclei - created the nuclear model
How was the gold foil experiment conducted?
Alpha particles were fired at gold foil particles, most went through the empty space of atoms but some were reflected due to the atoms small but massive nuclei
What did Bohr discover?
Electrons orbited the nucleus from specific distances - adapted the nuclear model
