atomic structure

Question 1

what is an atom?

Answer 1

the smallest unit of matter that retains its properties

Question 2

what are subatomic particles?

Answer 2

the 3 types of particle that constitute atoms

electron, proton, neutron

Question 3

what is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 3

relative mass: 1

relative charge: +1

Question 4

what is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 4

relative mass: 1

relative charge: 0

Question 5

what is the relative mass and charge of a electron?

Answer 5

relative mass: 0.005

relative charge: -1

Question 6

which is bigger, mass number or atomic number?

Answer 6

mass number

Question 7

what is the mass number?

Answer 7

number of protons and neutrons

Question 8

what is sthe atomic number?

Answer 8

number of protons, order of the elements in the periodic table, what defines each element

Question 9

what is in between the nucleus and the energy levels?

Answer 9

empty space, energy levels, too, are imaginary

Question 10

where do electrostatic forces act in an atom?

Answer 10

between the nucleus and the electrons

Question 11

what are isotopes?

Answer 11

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 12

how many different isotopes of hydrogen are there?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

are the chemical properties of different isotopes the same or different?

Answer 13

the same

they have the same number of electrons, which is what determines chemical properties

Question 14

are the physical properties of different isotopes the same or different?

Answer 14

no, physical properties vary between the isotopes

Question 15

what physical properties vary between isotopes?

Answer 15

• masses, because different neutron numbers
• density, size of isotopes is the same (same number of energy levels), but more neutrons = more dense
• mpt/bpt, heavier atoms have stronger forces, so a higher mpt/bpt, separated using fractional distillation

Question 16

what is an element?

Answer 16

a substance made of atoms with the same number of protons

Question 17

which isotope is shown on the periodic table?

Answer 17

only the most common isotopes because most have one isotope that is more abundant

Question 18

how is the mass number shown if two isotopes are equally/similarly abundant?

Answer 18

the average is shown instead

Question 19

how is average mass calculated?

Answer 19

average mass =

isotope 1 abundance x mass/100

+

isotope 2 abundance x mass/100

Question 20

how are electrons prevented from leaving atoms?

Answer 20

due to electrostatic attraction to the protons from the shared electrons

Question 21

what are energy levels?