Atomic structure

Question 1

What are examples of chemical bonds

Answer 1

ionic
covalent
dative covalent
metallic

Question 2

are chemical bonds weak or strong?

Answer 2

strong

Question 3

What are examples of physical bonds going from weakest to strongest

Answer 3

• induced dipole-dipole interactions (London Forces)
• permanent dipole-dipole interactions
• hydrogen bonds

Question 4

what are positive ions also known as

Answer 4

cations

Question 5

ionisation energy (1st)

Answer 5

the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions

Question 6

examples of the 1st IE

Answer 6

mg -> mg+ + e-

Question 7

succesive ionisation energies

Answer 7

measure of energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ion of an element to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions

Question 8

examples of 2nd IE

Answer 8

mg+ -> mg2+ + e-

Question 9

what are negative ions known as

Answer 9

anions

Question 10

negative ions

Answer 10

• larger than the original atom due to electron repulsion on the outer shell
• energy is released as nucleus pulls in an e-
• formed when e- are added to the atom

Question 11

positive atoms

Answer 11

• formed when e- are removed from the atom
• are smaller than the original form

Question 12

s and p block elements

Answer 12

predict their positions in the periodic table

Question 13

nitrate symbol and charge

Answer 13

NO3-

Question 14

Sulphate symbol and charge

Answer 14

SO4 2-

Question 15

carbonate symbol and charge

Answer 15

CO3 2-

Question 16

ammonium symbol and charge

Answer 16

NH4 -

Question 17

giant ionic lattices bonding

Answer 17

• oppositely charged ions are held in a regular 3d lattice by electrostatic forces
• ions pack tg in most efficient way so there is little wasted space