Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the smallest unit of an element?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

True or False: Atoms can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 3

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 4

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 4

Positive

Question 5

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 5

Negative

Question 6

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 6

Neutral

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.

Answer 7

protons and neutrons

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 10

Approximately 1/1836

Question 11

What determines the atomic number of an element?

Answer 11

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 12

What is an isotope?

Answer 12

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 13

True or False: Isotopes have different chemical properties.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 14

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 15

How is the atomic symbol for an element typically represented?

Answer 15

With one or two letters, the first letter capitalized

Question 16

What is meant by the term ‘electron configuration’?

Answer 16

The distribution of electrons in an atom’s energy levels

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The outermost electrons are referred to as ______ electrons.

Answer 17

valence

Question 18

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first energy level?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second energy level?

Answer 19

8

Question 20

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?

Answer 20

Covalent bond

Question 21

What is the name of the model that describes the atom as having a nucleus surrounded by electrons?

Answer 21

The Bohr model

Question 22

True or False: Electrons move in fixed orbits around the nucleus.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?

Answer 23

Ionization energy

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Atoms are mostly ______.

Answer 24

empty space

Question 25

What does the term 'atomic mass' refer to?

Answer 25

The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes

Question 26

Which particle has the least mass?

Answer 26

Electron

Question 27

What is the significance of the periodic table's arrangement?

Answer 27

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and similar properties

Question 28

What are groups in the periodic table?

Answer 28

Columns that contain elements with similar chemical properties

Question 29

What are periods in the periodic table?

Answer 29

Rows that represent energy levels of the elements

Question 30

What is the main difference between a cation and an anion?

Answer 30

Cations are positively charged, while anions are negatively charged.

Question 31

True or False: All atoms of an element are identical.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is the term for the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy?

Answer 32

Radioactive decay

Question 33

What is the role of the strong nuclear force?

Answer 33

To hold protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The ______ model of the atom describes electrons as being in 'clouds' of probability.

Answer 34

quantum