Atomic Structure Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
What is the mass relative to the mass of a proton for a proton?
A
1.0000
2
Q
What is the mass relative to the mass of a proton for a neutron?
A
1.0000
3
Q
What is the mass relative to the mass of a proton for an electron?
A
negligible
4
Q
What is the relative charge of a proton?
A
+ 1
5
Q
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
A
0
6
Q
What is the relative charge of an electron?
A
-1
7
Q
How many protons are in each atom of carbon?
A
6 protons
8
Q
What are the possible numbers of neutrons in carbon atoms?
A
6, 7, or 8 neutrons
9
Q
What is the formula to find the number of neutrons in an atom?
A
mass number - atomic number
10
Q
How many neutrons are present in the isotope of uranium 238/92?
A
146 neutrons
11
Q
What is the relationship between the number of protons and the number of electrons in a neutral atom?
A
They must be the same.
12
Q
What is the atomic mass of a proton?
A
1
13
Q
What is the atomic mass of a neutron?
A
1
14
Q
What is the atomic mass of an electron?
A
0
15
Q
What is the atomic number?
A
The number of protons in an atom
16
Q
What must be true for an atom to be neutral?
A
The number of protons equals the number of electrons
17
Q
What is the proton number of plutonium?
A
94
18
Q
List the two common isotopes of plutonium.
A
- Plutonium-235
- Plutonium-239
19
Q
In plutonium-235, how many neutrons are there?
A
141
20
Q
In plutonium-239, how many neutrons are there?
A
145
21
Q
How many electrons are in plutonium-235?
A
94
22
Q
How many electrons are in plutonium-239?
A
94
23
Q
Fill in the missing value: Mass number of nitrogen.
A
14
24
Q
Fill in the missing value: Proton number of nitrogen.
A
7
25
How many neutrons does nitrogen have?
7
26
Fill in the missing value: Mass number of yttrium.
89
27
Fill in the missing value: Proton number of yttrium.
39
28
How many neutrons does yttrium have?
50
29
Fill in the missing value: Mass number of phosphorus.
39
30
Fill in the missing value: Proton number of phosphorus.
15
31
How many neutrons does phosphorus have?
24
32
Which atoms are isotopes of the same element?
* R
* S
* T
33
What is the defining characteristic of isotopes?
They have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
34
What is the atomic number of Hydrogen?
1
35
What is the electronic configuration of Lithium?
2,1
36
What is the atomic number of Sodium (Na)?
11
37
What is the electronic configuration of Sodium?
2,8,1
38
What is the atomic number of Potassium (K)?
19
39
What is the electronic configuration of Beryllium?
2,2
40
What is the atomic number of Calcium (Ca)?
20
41
What is the electronic configuration of Boron?
2,3
42
What is the electronic configuration of Carbon?
2,4
43
What is the atomic number of Nitrogen?
7
44
What is the electronic configuration of Oxygen?
2,6
45
What is the atomic number of Aluminum?
13
46
What is the electronic configuration of Silicon?
2,5
47
What is the atomic number of Phosphorus?
15
48
What is the electronic configuration of Sulfur?
2,8,6
49
What is the atomic number of Helium?
2
50
What is the electronic configuration of Fluorine?
2,7
51
What is the electronic configuration of Chlorine?
2,8,7
52
What is the atomic number of Neon?
10
53
What is the electronic configuration of Argon?
2,8,8
54
Fill in the blank: The atomic number is the sum of numbers in the _______.
electronic configuration
55
What is the total number of electrons in the electronic configuration 2,8,8?
20
56
What is the arrangement of electrons in an atom called?
Electronic structure
## Footnote
Refers to how electrons are distributed in various energy levels around the nucleus.
57
How are electrons arranged in terms of energy levels?
Electrons are arranged at different distances from the nucleus in various energy levels.
58
What shape do energy shells take in electron arrangement?
Each energy shell is a circle.
59
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
The first shell holds 2 electrons.
60
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
The second shell holds up to 8 electrons.
61
How many electrons can the third shell hold?
The third shell holds up to 8 electrons.
62
What period is Sodium in and why?
Sodium is in period 3 because it has 3 energy levels.
63
What group is Sodium in?
Sodium is in group 1.
64
What is the atomic number of Sodium?
The atomic number of Sodium is 11.
65
What can electrons absorb or emit?
Electrons can absorb or emit energy.
66
What happens to electrons when they absorb electromagnetic radiation?
Electrons move to a higher energy level.
67
What occurs when electrons emit energy?
Electrons move closer to the nucleus and to a lower energy level.
68
What is the arrangement of electrons in an atom called?
Electronic structure
## Footnote
Refers to how electrons are distributed in various energy levels around the nucleus.
69
How are electrons arranged in terms of energy levels?
Electrons are arranged at different distances from the nucleus in various energy levels.
70
What shape do energy shells take in electron arrangement?
Each energy shell is a circle.
71
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
The first shell holds 2 electrons.
72
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
The second shell holds up to 8 electrons.
73
How many electrons can the third shell hold?
The third shell holds up to 8 electrons.
74
What period is Sodium in and why?
Sodium is in period 3 because it has 3 energy levels.
75
What group is Sodium in?
Sodium is in group 1.
76
What is the atomic number of Sodium?
The atomic number of Sodium is 11.
77
What can electrons absorb or emit?
Electrons can absorb or emit energy.
78
What happens to electrons when they absorb electromagnetic radiation?
Electrons move to a higher energy level.
79
What occurs when electrons emit energy?
Electrons move closer to the nucleus and to a lower energy level.
80
What is the atomic mass?
The mass of an atom, typically measured in atomic mass units (amu)
## Footnote
Atomic mass is the weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes.
81
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
## Footnote
The atomic number determines the identity of an element.
82
What are protons?
Positively charged particles found in the nucleus
## Footnote
Protons contribute to the atomic number and mass of an atom.
83
What are electrons?
Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus
## Footnote
Electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.
84
What are neutrons?
Particles with no charge found in the nucleus
## Footnote
Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass but not to the atomic number.
85
What is a neutral atom?
An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons
## Footnote
This balance results in no overall charge.
86
Fill in the blank: A neutral atom always has the same number of protons and _______.
electrons
87
What is the mass number?
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
## Footnote
Mass number is used to identify isotopes of an element.
88
What is the relationship between the number of protons and neutrons in Lithium?
Lithium has 3 protons and typically 4 neutrons
## Footnote
The most common isotope of Lithium has a mass number of 7.
89
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
90
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
91
What is the relative mass of an electron?
Negligible / 1/1840
92
Fill in the blank: The chemical symbol represents the _______ of an element.
atomic number or proton number
93
What is the atomic number?
Protons & electrons
94
What is the mass number?
Protons + neutrons
95
How can you calculate the neutron number from atomic and mass numbers?
Mass number - atomic number
96
What is an isotope?
Atoms with different numbers of neutrons
97
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Magnesium (Mg) with atomic number 12 and mass number 24.
Protons: 12, Neutrons: 12, Electrons: 12
98
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Silver (Ag) with atomic number 47 and mass number 108.
Protons: 47, Neutrons: 61, Electrons: 47
99
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Titanium (Ti) with atomic number 22 and mass number 48.
Protons: 22, Neutrons: 26, Electrons: 22
100
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Gold (Au) with atomic number 79 and mass number 197.
Protons: 79, Neutrons: 118, Electrons: 79
101
Are the following atoms isotopes? 1H, 2H, 3H
Yes, because they have different numbers of neutrons
102
Complete the table for Oxygen with atomic number 8 and mass number 16.
Protons: 8, Neutrons: 8, Electrons: 8
103
Complete the table for Fluorine with atomic number 9 and mass number 19.
Protons: 9, Neutrons: 10, Electrons: 9
104
Complete the table for Strontium with atomic number 38 and mass number 88.
Protons: 38, Neutrons: 50, Electrons: 38
105
What is isotopic notation for Americium-241?
241Am
106
Which of the isotopes given in the table is not an isotope of Americium?
C, because it has an extra neutron
107
Fill in the blank: The mass number is the sum of _______.
Protons and neutrons
108
True or False: Isotopes have the same number of protons but different mass numbers.
True
109
Draw diagrams to show the structure of the following atoms: 1H, 2H, 3H.
Diagrams of Hydrogen isotopes
110
What is the neutron count for Argon with atomic number 18 and mass number 40?
22 neutrons
111
What is the atomic number?
Protons & electrons
112
What is the mass number?
Protons + neutrons
113
How can you calculate the neutron number from atomic and mass numbers?
Mass number - atomic number
114
What is an isotope?
Atoms with different numbers of neutrons
115
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Magnesium (Mg) with atomic number 12 and mass number 24.
Protons: 12, Neutrons: 12, Electrons: 12
116
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Silver (Ag) with atomic number 47 and mass number 108.
Protons: 47, Neutrons: 61, Electrons: 47
117
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Titanium (Ti) with atomic number 22 and mass number 48.
Protons: 22, Neutrons: 26, Electrons: 22
118
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Gold (Au) with atomic number 79 and mass number 197.
Protons: 79, Neutrons: 118, Electrons: 79
119
Are the following atoms isotopes? 1H, 2H, 3H
Yes, because they have different numbers of neutrons
120
Complete the table for Oxygen with atomic number 8 and mass number 16.
Protons: 8, Neutrons: 8, Electrons: 8
121
Complete the table for Fluorine with atomic number 9 and mass number 19.
Protons: 9, Neutrons: 10, Electrons: 9
122
Complete the table for Strontium with atomic number 38 and mass number 88.
Protons: 38, Neutrons: 50, Electrons: 38
123
What is isotopic notation for Americium-241?
241Am
124
Which of the isotopes given in the table is not an isotope of Americium?
C, because it has an extra neutron
125
Fill in the blank: The mass number is the sum of _______.
Protons and neutrons
126
True or False: Isotopes have the same number of protons but different mass numbers.
True
127
Draw diagrams to show the structure of the following atoms: 1H, 2H, 3H.
Diagrams of Hydrogen isotopes
128
What is the neutron count for Argon with atomic number 18 and mass number 40?
22 neutrons
