Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RO32 ILT GFE Foundational Topics > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is specific ionization

A

The number of ion-pairs formed per centimeter traveled in a given material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ionization that occurs by removing electrons as it passes by atoms which eventually slows the particle down describes what kind of particle

A

Alpha particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The following is a description of what kind of decay:

Non-stable nuclei that emit a neutron

A

Neutron emission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Removing an electron from orbit is called

A

Ionization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Radioactive decay constant

A

The probability per unit tie that an atom of a specific nuclide will decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the charge of an electron

A

Negative (-1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Curie

A

A measure of radioactive decay equal to the number of disintegrations that one gram of radium-226 undergoes in one second (3.7E10 dps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The following is a description of what kind of decay:

A nuclei having excess protons that captures an inner orbit electron

A

Electron capture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the approximate atomic mass (in amu) of a proton

A

~ 1 amu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uranium with an isotope concentration less than its natural value

A

Depleted uranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electromagnetic radiation similar to an x-ray that has no mass and no charge. Attenuated by photo-electric effect, Compton scattering, and pair-production

A

Gamma emission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define nuclide

A

Atoms containing a unique combination of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the principle of conservation of mass and energy

A

The sum of mass plus the sum of energy cannot change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the charge of a neutron

A

Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ionization that occurs from collisions with orbiting electrons which eventually slows the particle down describes what kind of particle

A

Beta particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define isotope

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the principle of conservation of momentum

A

Momentum cannot be created or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A stable nuclide in the Chart of the Nuclides is what color

A

Gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nuclides in the upper right corner of the line of stability undergo what type of decay

A

Alpha decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define activity

A

Rate of decay of a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define mass defect

A

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of masses of its parts (protons, neutrons, and electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are neutrons located

A

In the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uranium with an isotope concentration greater than its natural value

A

Enriched uranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gamma emission can be shielded by:

A
  • Several feet of concrete or water
  • A few inches of lead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where are electrons located
Orbiting around the nucleus
26
Define atomic weight
The average weight of all isotopes of an element
27
A strong attractive force between all nucleons
Nuclear Force
28
Nuclides above and to the left of the line of stability undergo what type of decay
Beta-plus
29
A weak attractive force that acts between all nucleons
Gravitational Force
30
Define binding energy
Amount of energy that must be supplied to a nucleus to completely separate its nuclear particles (equals the mass defect)
31
Nuclides below and to the right of the line of stability undergo what type of decay
Beta-minus
32
An alpha particle can be shielded by:
* Centimeters of air * A sheet of paper
33
What is the charge of a proton
Positive (+1)
34
Define atom percent
The percentage of atoms of an element that are of a particular isotope
35
Where are protons located
In the nucleus
36
Neutron emission can be shielded by:
12 inches of water
37
Decay that moves down one and to the right one on the Chart of Nuclides is
Beta-plus
38
A {blank} ray comes from the nucleus
Gamma Ray
39
Define radioactivity
The spontaneous emission of particles or gamma radiation
40
Define weight percent
Percentage weight of an element that is a particular isotope
41
What is the conversion between half-life and decay constant
Decay Constant = 0.693/half-life
42
What is radioactive equilibrium
When the decay and production rates of a nuclide are equal
43
What is secular radioactive equilibrium
When a parent has an extremely long half-life each descendant builds to an equilibrium with decay rates equal to the original parent
44
Describe the principle of conservation of charge
Charge cannot be created or destroyed.
45
Define mass number
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a nucleus
46
The following is a description of what kind of decay: A neutron is converted to a proton increasing the number of protons but leaving the mass unchanged
Beta-minus decay
47
The following is a description of what kind of decay: When gamma interacts with an electron moving it outward from the nucleus but eventually moves back to its original orbit emitting x-ray
Internal conversions
48
The following is a description of what kind of decay: A proton is converted to a neutron leaving the mass unchanged
Beta-plus decay (positron)
49
The following is a description of what kind of decay: An unstable nucleus ejects a particle containing 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Alpha decay
50
What is the approximate atomic mass (in amu) of a neutron
~ 1 amu
51
A {blank} ray comes from electrons
X-Ray
52
Define Becquerel
The SI unit of radioactive decay equal to 1 dps
53
Define atomic number
The number of protons in a nucleus
54
What is the difference between charged and uncharged particles with regards to ionization
* Charged particles directly ionize. * Uncharged particles only cause ionization indirectly
55
Decay that drops two spots and moves to the left two spots on the Chart of Nuclides is
Alpha decay
56
Decay that moves up one and to the left one on the Chart of Nuclides is
Beta-minus
57
Define radioactive half-life
The amount of time for activity to decrease to one half of its original value
58
Describe how the neutron to proton ratio affects an nuclides stability
The line of stability (ratio of neutrons to protons) increases nearly linearly as you increase AMU
59
A strong repulsive force between like charged particles
Electrostatic Force
60
A short lived and quickly attenuated particle due to interactions with negatively charged electrons is a
Positron
61
The following is a description of what kind of decay: A nucleus in an excited state attempts to reach a ground state. Usually occurs after a particle emission.
Isomeric transition
62
The following is a description of what kind of decay: High energy radiation from the nucleus resulting in the nuclide reaching the ground state
Gamma ray emission
63
Describe neutrinos
The amount of energy that is lost during decay that ensures the conservation of energy and momentum
64
A beta particle can be shielded by:
Thin sheet of metal
65
What is the approximate atomic mass (in amu) of an electron
~ 1/1835 amu
66
An unstable nuclide in the Chart of the Nuclides is what color
Any color other than Gray
67
Attenuated by elastic scatter, inelastic scatter, and absorption
Neutron emission
68
The amount of energy that results from the conversion of 1 amu to energy
931.5 MeV
69
Describe the principle of conservation of mass number
In a reaction there cannot be a net change in the number of nucleons

RO32 ILT GFE Foundational Topics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions