Atomic structure Flashcards
Atomic Number
Atomic number = Number of protons. It is the fundamental characteristic of an element
Mass Number
Mass number = Number of protons + neutrons
Isotopes
are atoms with the same atomic number but with different mass numbers. They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Continuous Spectrum
A continuous spectrum contains radiation of all wavelengths within a given range (e.g visible spectrum)
Line spectrum
consists of discrete lines of different wavelengths/ frequencies
Electron Configuration
the electron configuration of an atom describes the number of electrons in each energy sublevel.
orbitals
Orbitals are regions in space in which an electron may be found in an atom. Each orbital can hold two electrons of opposite sign
Pauli Exclusion principle
States that only electrons with opposite spin can occupy the same orbital.
Aufbau principle
States that orbitals with lower energy are filled before those with higher energy
Hund’s Rule
states that every orbital in a sub-level is singly occupied with electrons of the same spin before any one orbital is doubly occupied
First ionization energy
Is the minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of univalent cations in the gaseous state. It is an enthalpy change for the reaction
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of electrons
Atom economy
Atom economy = (Mass of desired product/Total mass of products) x 100
Convergence limit
The point in a line emission spectrum where the lines merge to form a continuum; may be used to determine to determine the ionization energy.
Green Chemistry
An approach to chemical research and chemical industrial processes that seek to minimize the production of hazardous substances and their release into the environment.
