Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are elements made up of?

Answer 1

Small invisible particles called atoms

Question 2

Atoms cannot be…

Answer 2

Created or destroyed

Question 3

Atoms of different elements have…

Answer 3

Different propersties

Question 4

When atoms combine they form…

Answer 4

Molecules or compounds

Question 5

Who proposed the idea that matter is composed of small invisible particles?

Answer 5

Democritus and leucippus

Question 6

What idea did Aristotle propose?

Answer 6

The matter was composed of the four ‘elements’ air, earth, fire and water, and used these ideas to explain matter and its behaviour.

Question 7

In 1808 John dalton published his atomic theory. What did he state?

Answer 7

All elements are made up of small atoms called particles

Question 8

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 8

J j Thompson

Question 9

What experiment was Thompson carrying out when he discovered the electron?

Answer 9

He was investigating the way conduct electricity goes

Question 10

In Thompson’s experiment how did he show the electrons had a negative charge?

Answer 10

The electron beam was attached towards the positive plate therefore they must be negatively charged

Question 11

What did Thompson’s model of the atom look like?

Answer 11

A plum pudding

Question 12

How did Thompson’s model of the atom look like a Christmas pudding?

Answer 12

Atoms have rings if negative electrons imbedded in a positive sphere like raisins from a pudding

Question 13

Why did Thompson argue that the atom was neutral?

Answer 13

atoms that contain negatively charged electrons must also contain positively charged material.

Question 14

What did Rutherford discover about the atom?

Answer 14

Rutherford overturned Thomson’s model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus.

Question 15

Where is virtually all of an atoms mass contained?

Answer 15

Virtually all the mass of the atom resides in the nucleus

Question 16

In what way was Rutherford model of an atom similar to planets revolving around the sun?

Answer 16

Rutherford believed that the electrons within an atom moved around the nucleus in orbits

Question 17

What part of the atom did James Chadwick discover in 1932?

Answer 17

The neutron

Question 18

How does the mass of a neutron compare with the mass of a proton?

Answer 18

Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, but they are both much more massive than electrons

Question 19

Atom is composed of small, dense, … charged nucleus at the center composed of … and … (most of the mass) with … charged electrons in … orbiting the …

Answer 19

Positively
Protons And neutrons 
Negatively
Shells
Nucleus

Question 20

What is a protons relative mass?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

What is a protons relative charge?

Answer 21

+1

Question 22

What is protons position?

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

What are neutrons relative mass?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

What is neutrons relative charge?

Answer 24

0

Question 25

What is protons position?

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

What is electrons relative mass?

Answer 26

1/1840

Question 27

What is electrons relative charge?

Answer 27

-1

Question 28

What is electrons position?

Answer 28

Shells

Question 29

What is an atomic number?

Answer 29

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 30

What is a mass number?

Answer 30

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 31

How do atoms of one element differ to those of another?

Answer 31

The number of protons, neutrons and electrons found in each atom are different.

Question 32

How can we calculate the number of each sub-atomic particle there are in the atom?

Answer 32

In the periodic table there are two numbers beside each atomic symbol. One is called the mass number and the other is called the atomic number.

Question 33

The number of protons in an atom is equal to its..

Answer 33

Atomic number

Question 34

As an atom is electrically neutral (I.e no overall charge) then the number of... must equal the number of...

Answer 34

Electrons (negative) | Protons (positive)

Question 35

The number of ... in an atom is equal to its...

Answer 35

Neutrons | Mass/atomic number

Question 36

Electrons are arranged in shells around the...

Answer 36

Nucleus

Question 37

The electrons enter the...

Answer 37

Shell closest to the nucleus first

Question 38

Each shell must be filled with its full quota before..

Answer 38

Starting to fill the next shell

Question 39

Shell number 1 (closest to the nucleus) cam take a maximum of ...

Answer 39

2 electrons

Question 40

All the other shells have a maximum of...

Answer 40

8 electrons (up to element 20)

Question 41

``` How many protons, electron and neutrons in.. Sodium - 23 Na 11 And how is it layed out ```

Answer 41

11,11,12 | 2,8,1

Question 42

How many neutrons can be held in shell 1, 2 and 3

Answer 42

2, 8 and 8

Question 43

Using the periodic table what is aluminium’s... Mass number Atomic number Electronic structure

Answer 43

27 13 2,8,3

Question 44

Atoms with electric charges are called...

Answer 44

Ions

Question 45

Atoms with positive charges are called...

Answer 45

Cations

Question 46

Atoms with negative charges are called...

Answer 46

Anions

Question 47

Look at pg 12-18 of booklet

Answer 47

...

Question 48

What are isotopes?

Answer 48

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number (same number of protons) but a different mass number indicating a different number of neutrons

Question 49

What do you find in every science lab?

Answer 49

Periodic table

Question 50

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 50

Increasing atomic number

Question 51

What orbits around the outside of the hydrogen atom?

Answer 51

1 electron

Question 52

What is found in the nucleus of the hydrogen atom?

Answer 52

1 proton

Question 53

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 53

Number of protons in the nucleus

Question 54

Where is the atomic number written?(hydrogen and 1)

Answer 54

_ H 1

Question 55

Where is the mass written? (Sulfur and 32)

Answer 55

32 S __

Question 56

What is the mass number of an element?

Answer 56

Number of protons + number of neutrons

Question 57

For every element the... is unique

Answer 57

Atomic number

Question 58

The atomic number tells us the number of protons in an element, what else does it tell us?

Answer 58

Number of electrons

Question 59

If an element has and atomic number of 12, how many protons and electrons does it have?

Answer 59

12

Question 60

Where are electrons found?

Answer 60

Orbits around nucleus

Question 61

Where are the 2 electrons in helium found?

Answer 61

First shell

Question 62

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

Answer 62

2

Question 63

Give the arrangements of electrons for sodium

Answer 63

2,8,1

Question 64

In group 1, how many electrons do lithium, sodium and potassium have in their outer shells?

Answer 64

1

Question 65

As we go across to row 2 (of the periodic table) what happens to the second electron shell?

Answer 65

It fills up