Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding Flashcards
(18 cards)
In the context of atomic structure, Z refers to
Atomic number, also number of protons
In the context of atomic structure, A refers to
Atomic mass number, number of nucleons
What are the 4 main kinds of atomic bonds? Which ones are stronger?
- Metallic
- Covalent
- Ionic
- van der Waals
Metallic, covalent, and ionic are stronger primary bonds, while van der Waals are weaker secondary bonds.
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonds are formed by the strong mutual attraction between electropositive atoms and the sea of donated valence electrons. These bonds are non-directional, resulting in good ductility.
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons among 2+ atoms. These bonds tend to be directional, resulting in limited ductility.
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding occurs when an atom donates its valence electrons to another.
What is van der Waals bonding?
van der Waals bonding occurs when there is an induced or permanent dipole moment between molecules or atoms. It is due to electrostatic attraction between polarized molecules or groups of atoms.
What causes equilibrium distance between atoms attracted to each other?
A balance between repulsive
and attractive forces.
When does equilibrium separation occur?
When the total interatomic energy of the pair of atoms is at a minimum OR when no net force acts to attract/repel the atoms.
What is the binding energy?
The minimum energy required to create/break a bond.
What are the different types of atomic order of a material?
1) No atomic order
2) Short range atomic order
3) Long range atomic order
What are materials with no atomic order?
No fixed spacing between atoms, they are randomly placed and the material is said to be amorphous
What are materials with short range order?
e.g. H2O*
What are materials with long range order?
Regular pattern of particle arrangements
What is a lattice?
Collection of points (lattice points), a regular repeated three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a metal or other crystalline solid
What is a unit cell?
smallest part (portion) of a crystal lattice. It is the
simplest repeating unit in a crystal structure. The entire lattice is
generated by the repetition of the unit cell in different directions.
fourteen unique ways to arrange points in three
dimensions?
The fourteen Bravais lattices are grouped into
seven crystal systems: cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, trigonal,
hexagonal, monoclinic, and triclinic
Differentiate between a lattice and unit cell.
Size and complexity of structure
Number of atoms
