atomic structure and isotopes + amount of substance

Question 1

isotopes

Answer 1

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 2

relative isotopic mass

Answer 2

mass compared with 1/12th of a carbon-12 atom

Question 3

relative atomic mass

Answer 3

weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 4

ion formulae : nitrate, carbonate, sulfate, hydroxide, ammonium, zinc, silver

Answer 4

NO3- , CO3 2- , SO4 2-, OH-, NH4+, Zn 2+, Ag+

Question 5

definition of a mole

Answer 5

1 mole is the amount of substance that contains 6.02x10*23 particles

Question 6

formulae of common acids - hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitrate, ethanoic

Answer 6

HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH

Question 7

acid+alkali ->

Answer 7

salt+water

Question 8

acid+metal oxide->

Answer 8

salt+water

Question 9

acid+carbonate->

Answer 9

salt+water+CO2

Question 10

acid+metal->

Answer 10

salt +hydrogen

Question 11

orbital

Answer 11

region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 12

shape of s orbitals

Answer 12

spherical

Question 13

shape of p orbitals

Answer 13

dumbbell

Question 14

Ionic bonding

Answer 14

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 15

covalent bond

Answer 15

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 16

electronegativity

Answer 16

ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 17

what is the equation that links number of moles, gas volume and molar gas volume?

Answer 17

n=V/24
V in dm3

Question 18

empirical formula definitionn

Answer 18

the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 19

molecular formula definition

Answer 19

the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 20

explain the terms, anhydrous, hydrated and water of crystallisation

Answer 20

anhydrous salts don’t contain any water of crystallisation
hydrated salts do contain water of crystallisation
water of crystallisation is the water contained within an ionic lattice

Question 21

ideal gas equation

Answer 21

pV=nRT
p is pressure in Pa
V is volume in m3
n is number of moles
R gas constant
T is temp in K

Question 22

Can you describe the benefits of sustainability of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy

Answer 22

A high atom economy means that little waste is produced, which is better for the environment. Reactions with high atom economy are more sustainable. It makes sense to use raw materials efficiently, so they last as long as possible as often they are in limited supply. there are economic benefits from using high atom economy processes as waste products don’t need to be separated from the desired ones.