Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What does the atomic number show?

Answer 1

number of protons

number of protons is also equal to the number of electrons in an atom

Question 2

how to calculate the number of neutrons?

Answer 2

Atomic mass - atomic number

Question 3

27 AI
13 Calculate the number of protons electrons and neutrons in the element

Answer 3

13 protons
13 electrons
14 neutrons

Question 4

what is ionisation?

Answer 4

atom gain OR lose an electron enough energy to kick electrons out of there shells

Question 5

differences of plum pudding model and alpha scattering model

Answer 5

atom is mostly
entirely empty space
has a positively charged nucleus ( protons and neutrons is where most of the mass comes from)
plum pudding believes electrons are embedded inside an empty positive shell

Question 6

who discovered the neutron?

Answer 6

james chadwick

Question 7

why mendeelv’s table is more accepted?

Answer 7

predicted future elements
elements of similar properties are together
included the halogens
Are numbered by the atomic mass

Question 8

charges of a neutron proton and electron

Answer 8

proton = positive
electron= negative
neutron= no charge

Question 9

definiton of an isotope

Answer 9

elements of the same type have different atomic mass’s in order to become more stable

e.g sodium 23 is the only stable isotope of it’s kind

Question 10

Why is aluminium positioned in Group 3 of the periodic table?

Answer 10

is in period 3 so will have 3 electron shells
group 3 means it will have 3 electrons on the outer most shell

Question 11

newlands and mendeeleev placed the elements in order of atomic weight
complete the sentence

the modern periodic tables places the elements in order of..

Answer 11

atomic number and chemical properties

Question 12

do non metals lose or gain an electron when ionised?

Answer 12

Gain, easier to gain and electron then lose it, make a negatively charged ion

Question 13

lose electron=
gain electron=

Answer 13

lose = positive
gain=negative

Question 14

Why do halogens become negatively charged ions?

Answer 14

to have a noble gas arrangment and become more stable

Question 15

how are modern atoms organised on the perodic table?

Answer 15

By proton number and similar chemical properties

Question 16

elements can be classfied into two groups name them

Answer 16

Metals and non metals

Question 17

elements may combine chemically together to make new elements, what are the products called?

Answer 17

Compounds

Question 18

Do compounds have the same properties as the elements they came from?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

define a mixture

Answer 19

consists of two or more elements/compounds that are not chemically combined together yet have similar chemcial properties

Question 20

define the charges of each subatomic particle

Answer 20

proton = positive
electron= negative
neutron= neutral charge

Question 21

what are ions?

Answer 21

charged atoms

Question 22

radius of an atom

Answer 22

0.1 nm (1 x 10-10 m)

Question 23

do isotopes of the same element share similar properties?

Answer 23

isotopes are the same elements with different amount of neutrons, they share similar electronic and chemical properties

Question 24

elements of group 0 are also called as?

Answer 24

noble gas

Question 25

why are noble gases so unreactive as you go down?

Answer 25

cannot easily form molecules as they have a relatively stable outershell. All with 8 outer shell electrons

Question 26

characteristics of alkali metals?

Answer 26

all have one electron on outershell,have low density so have to be stored in oil, are soft and malleable

Question 27

alkali metals reaction with water?

Answer 27

extremely violent, fizzing and changing of colour
e.g Sodium + water = sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 28

alkali reaction with oxygen?

Answer 28

metal + oxygen = metal oxide

Question 29

alkali reaction with chloride?

Answer 29

metal + chloride = metal chloride (salt)

Question 30

Name for group 7 elements?

Answer 30

halogens

Question 31

characteristics of halgoens?

Answer 31

seven electrons on outer shell
coloured vapours
diatomic atoms (two atoms of the same or different elements together e.g H and O H20 elements)
forms ionic salts with metals
form compounds with non metals

Question 32

Defintion of an isotope

Answer 32

an atom with two or more types where the different types have the same amount of protons and electrons but different neutron number

Question 33

compare the physical and chemical differences between group 1 and transition metals?

Answer 33

Physical
Transition elements
• high melting points
• high densities
• strong
• hard
Group 1
• low melting points
• low densities
• soft
Chemical
Transition elements
• low reactivity / react slowly (with water or oxygen)
• used as catalysts
• ions with different charges
• coloured compounds
Group 1
• very reactive / react (quickly) with water / non-metals
• not used as catalysts
• white / colourless compounds
• only forms a +1 ion

Question 34

What is the test for chlorine gas?

Answer 34

damp litmus paper

Question 35

what is always different between atoms?

Answer 35

the number of protons

Question 36

What are the two properties of ionic substances?

Answer 36

Can dissolve in water
low melting point

Question 37

Name two things wrong with Daltons periodic table?

Answer 37

Had compounds not elements, No space left for future elements

Question 38

Name two things wrong with Newlands table

Answer 38

Elements in the wrong space, No room for future elements